Types of lung volumes.

Question 1

Healthy adults at rest usually breathe about

Answer 1

12 times a minute.

Question 2

Each inhalation and exhalation moves about how many ml of air?

Answer 2

500 mL of air into and out of the lungs.

Question 3

(a) The volume of one breath.

Answer 3

Tidal volume:

Question 4

The total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute is equal to breathing rate multiplied by tidal volume:

1. MV = 12 breaths/min x 500 mL/breath (6000 mL/min or 6 liters/min)

Answer 4

Minute ventilation (MV):

Question 5

About 70% of the tidal volume (350 mL) do what?

Answer 5

reaches the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs and thus participates in gas exchange.

Question 6

What percent does not participate in gas exchange because it remains in the conducting airways of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.

(Known as anatomical dead space).

Answer 6

The other 30% (150 mL)

Question 7

Instrument used to measure respiratory rate and the amount of air inhaled and exhaled when breathing.

Inhalation is recorded as an upward deflection and exhalation as downward.

The record produced is called a spirogram.

Answer 7

Spirometer:

Question 8

Question 9

What volume?

The additional air that is inhaled beyond the normal 500 mL tidal volume.

Answer 9

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):

Question 10

What volume?

The additional air expired after a normal
inhalation.

Answer 10

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):

Question 11

What volume?

The volume of air that remains even after expiratory reserve volume is expelled.

Answer 11

Residual Volume (RV):

Question 12

Capacities

The volume of air that remains even after expiratory reserve volume is expelled.

Answer 12

Inspiratory Capacity (IC):

Question 13

Capacities

The sum of residual volume and expiratory reserve volume.

Answer 13

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):

Question 14

Capacities

The sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.

Answer 14

Vital Capacity (VC):

Question 15

Capacities

The sum of vital capacity and residual volume.

Answer 15

Total Lung Capacity (TLC):

Question 16

Respiratory Patterns.

• normal pattern of quiet breathing.

Answer 16

Eupnea

Question 17

Respiratory Patterns.

• an upward and outward movement of the chest.

Answer 17

Costal breathing (shallow)

Question 18

Respiratory Patterns.

• outward movement of the abdomen.

Answer 18

Diaphragmatic breathing (deep)

Question 19

A long-drawn deep inhalation followed by a strong exhalation,
sends a blast of air through upper respiratory passages. Reflex to expel a
foreign body.

Answer 19

Coughing:

Question 20

Spasmodic contraction of muscles of exhalation that forcefully expels air through the nose and usually from an irritation of nasal mucosa.

Answer 20

Sneezing:

Question 21

A long-drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a shorter but forceful exhalation.

Answer 21

Sighing:

Question 22

A deep inhalation through a widely opened mouth, producing an
exaggerated depression of the mandible. Exact cause unknown (fatigue,
drowsiness or seeing someone else do it).

Answer 22

Yawning:

Question 23

A series of convulsive inhalations followed by a single long
exhalation.

Answer 23

Sobbing:

Question 24

An inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations, vocal cords vibrate; characteristic facial expression.

Answer 24

Crying:
Laughing:

Question 25

Spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the larynx. Produces a sharp sound on inhalation.

Stimulus is usually irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 25

Hiccupping: