types of LTM

Question 1

LTM breakdown

Answer 1

LTM > procedural + declarative
semantic + episodic

Question 2

procedural memory

Answer 2

our knowledge of how to do things
includes our memories of learned skills
can recall these memories without making a conscious or deliberate effort

Question 3

declarative

Answer 3

explicit
requires conscious effort

Question 4

semantic memory

Answer 4

our knowledge about the world
includes facts and our knowledge of what words and concepts mean
these memories usually also need to be recalled deliberately

Question 5

episodic memory

Answer 5

for personal events
includes memories of when the event occurred; people,places,object,behaviour
have to be retrieved with conscious effort

Question 6

brain scan evidence

Answer 6

• Tulving
• got their participants to perform various memory tasks while their brains were scanned using a PET scanner
• episodic and semantic memories were recalled from the area of the brain known as the pre-frontal cortex, this area is divided into 2 with 1 on each side of the brain
• the left pre frontal cortex was linked to semantic memories whilst the right prefrontal cortex was linked to episodic memories
• procedural memory was associated with the cerebellum

Question 6

clive wearing

Answer 6

• case study!
• episodic memory was serverely impaired due to brain damage, but semantic memories remained unaffected
• still understood the meaning of words, HM could not recall stroking a dog half an hour ago, but didn’t need the concept of “dog” explained to him
• still knew how to walk and speak
• supports Tulvings view that there are different memory stores in LTM > one can be damaged but other stores are unaffected

ISSUE -> ideographicst

Question 6

strength

Answer 6

• practical application
• help people experiencing memory loss
• enables specific treatments to be developed