MSM

Question 1

3 stages of learning and memory

Answer 1

coding, storage, retrieval

Question 2

multi-store model of memory

Answer 2

Atkinson and Shiffrin
- propose that there are seperate STM and LTM stores

Question 3

the MSM process

Answer 3

stimulus from the environment > sensory register/iconic/echoic/other stores > - pay attention - > STM -> response or prolonged rehearsal forms maintenance rehearsal (loop) > LTM -> retrieval goes back to ST

Question 4

sensory register

Answer 4

• all stimuli from all the environment pass through SR
• the coding in each store is modality-specific/depends on the sense
• visual = ionic echoic = sound
• information passes further into the memory system only if you pay attention to it

Question 5

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 5

• maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over and over again, we can keep the information in our STMs as long as we rehearse it, if long enough it passes into LTM

Question 6

retrieval

Answer 6

• according to the MSM when we want to recall information from LTM, it has to be transferred back into STM by a process called retrieval

Question 7

research for MSM

Answer 7

• jacobs
• miller
• peterson
• bahrick
• baddeley

Question 8

HM case study

Answer 8

• a young gentleman who suffered from severe epileptic seizures and had his hippocampus removed from both hemispheres to try and stop the seizures
• his personality and intellect remained intact
• however was left with severe memory loss
• he was unable to learn new information, he could read the same book over and over and not realise he had read it before
• but the removal of HM’s hippocampus did reduce his epileptic seizures

Question 9

limitation of MSM: too simple

Answer 9

• evidence suggests there is actually more than 1 type of STM; for example WMM + supporting research shows that STM is divided into a number of different stores
• also further research to show that LTM has more than 1 type of store, episodic/procedural/semantic

Question 10

strength

Answer 10

As the first cognitive explanation of memory, the multi-store model has been highly influential. Subsequent research has drawn on and refined this model to better explain and understand memory.