*Types Of Long Term Memory Flashcards
Who proposed the Multi-Store Model (MSM) of memory?
Endel Tulving
Endel Tulving is a cognitive psychologist known for his work on memory systems.
What are the three types of long-term memory (LTM) proposed by Tulving?
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
- Procedural memory
These types contain different information and serve different functions in memory processing.
Define episodic memory.
A long term memory store for personal events
Episodic memory includes specific memories of when events occurred and the context surrounding them.
What is a key characteristic of episodic memory retrieval?
Requires conscious and effortful recall
This makes episodic memories akin to a personal diary with vivid details.
What does semantic memory store?
Knowledge of the world, including facts and meanings of words and concepts
Semantic memory functions like an encyclopedia and is less prone to distortion than episodic memory.
How does procedural memory differ from episodic and semantic memory?
Allows recall of learned skills without conscious effort
Procedural memory enables automatic task performance, such as walking or playing an instrument.
What condition did Clive Wearing suffer from?
Severe amnesia resulting from a viral infection
This infection damaged his hippocampus, affecting his long-term memory.
How long is Clive Wearing’s memory span?
Less than 30 seconds
Clive can only remember information for 7 to 30 seconds.
What type of memory remained intact for both H.M. and Clive Wearing?
Procedural memory
Both individuals retained the ability to perform tasks automatically despite impairments in other memory types.
True or False: Semantic memory is affected in both H.M. and Clive Wearing.
False
Their semantic memories were unaffected, allowing them to understand concepts despite episodic memory loss.
What did Belleville et al. (2006) demonstrate regarding episodic memory in older people?
Training interventions improved episodic memories
This highlights the potential for targeted treatments based on specific memory types.
List one limitation of clinical studies in memory research.
- Lack of control over variables
- Unexpected brain injuries
- Difficulty in judging memory extent
These factors limit the generalizability of findings from individual cases.
What brain area is associated with semantic memory according to Buckner and Peterson (1996)?
Left prefrontal cortex
This area is thought to be linked with the coding of semantic information.
What is the significance of memory in shaping identity?
Memories allow us to learn, adapt, and make sense of the world
The study of memory is complex due to individual differences in memory processes.
Fill in the blank: The _______ memory is like an encyclopedia and is less vulnerable to distortion than episodic memory.
semantic
Semantic memory stores factual knowledge and meanings.
What type of memory helps form personal identity and history?
Episodic memory
It encompasses vivid recollections of personal events.
What does procedural memory include?
Memories of learned skills
This type of memory enables automatic execution of tasks.
