*Multistore Of Memory Flashcards
What is the multi-store model?
Representation of how memory works in terms of 3 memory stores:
* The sensory register
* Short term memory
* Long term memory
Describes how information is transferred from one store to another and the factors influencing memory retention.
What are the components of the sensory register?
Memory stores for each of our five senses:
* Iconic store (visual)
* Echoic store (acoustic)
* Other sensory stores (taste, smell, touch)
Huge capacity but very short duration (0.5 seconds)
What is maintenance rehearsal?
Repeat or review information over and over again to remember it.
It is essential for transferring information into long-term memory.
Who came up with the multi store memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
What are the stages of memory according to Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model?
1) Environmental input
2) Sensory register
3) Short term memory
4) Long term memory
How does information pass through the multi stores?
- From sensory memory to STM thru attention
- STM to LTM thru maintenance rehearsal
- LTM back to STM thru retrieval
This is known as the rehearsal loop and it leads to recall
What does the environmental input consist of?
5 senses
Taste
Hear
See
Touch
Smell
What does the sensory register consist of?
Stimuli enters sensory register
- consists of several stores
Iconic (what you see) information = visually coded
Echoic (what you hear) information = acoustically coded
- other sensory stores: taste, smell, touch
What is the capacity and duration of sensory register?
High capacity and a very short duration of 0.5 seconds
What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory?
Limited capacity between 5 - 9 items and short duration between 18 - 30 seconds unless rehearsed.
Information in short-term memory is coded acoustically.
- with only one store
How is information coded in long-term memory?
Semantically
LTM has unlimited capacity and potentially permanent duration thru prolonged rehearsal
What was the condition of Patient HM?
Condition: Epilepsy
* Part of brain removed: Hippocampus
* Part of brain affected: LTM
* Could not form new long-term memories
* Intact STM
Demonstrated the separation of short-term and long-term memory.
What does the primacy effect refer to?
Words at the start of the list are stored in long-term memory.
Supported by Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) study.
What is the relationship between rehearsal and memory retention?
More rehearsal increases the likelihood of information being transferred to long-term memory.
Craik and Watkins (1973) suggest that the type of rehearsal is more important than the amount.
What is elaborative rehearsal?
Linking information to existing knowledge to enhance memory retention.
It is more effective for transferring information into long-term memory compared to maintenance rehearsal.
What limitation does the multi-store model have regarding short-term memory?
If the sensory register has different stores, short-term memory should have different stores too to process different formats of information.
This is suggested by studies of amnesia patients.
True or False: Maintenance rehearsal is essential for storage of information.
False.
Jenkins (1974) found participants could remember material without expecting to be tested on it.
What did Patient K.F. demonstrate about short-term memory?
K.F. had poor short-term memory for digits read aloud but better memory for rehearsing digits himself.
This suggests the existence of separate short-term stores for external and internal information.
What is the duration of information in the sensory register?
Very short duration of about 0.5 seconds.
Although the sensory register has a high capacity, very little information goes to short-term memory.
What does Logie (1999) suggest about the processing of information?
Access to long-term memory occurs before information is processed in short-term memory.
This implies that previously stored information in long-term memory aids in understanding new information.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for transferring information into long-term memory.
Maintenance rehearsal.
It is a key process in the multi-store model.
