Types of Long Term Memory Flashcards
How is Long Term Memory separated into 2 sub-stores?
The Long Term Memory can be divided in 2:
- Declarative memory (conscious)
- Non-declarative memory (unconscious)
What are the 3 types of Long Term Memory?
Episodic
Semantic
Procedural
What is episodic memory?
Remembering events according to when they happened and where
Strength influenced by emotion and processing done
What is semantic memory?
Memory on information about the world
Strength influenced by degree of processing dome
Linked to episodic as we learn new things from new experiences
What is procedural memory?
“Muscle memory” which allows individuals to perform tasks with little conscious effort - includes language
What are the strengths on the types of Long Term Memory?
Case studies - CW musician, no episodic & HM
Research support:
- Vicari et al (2007) - 8yr old - semantic, no episodic
- Finke (2002) - cellist no semantic or episodic
Brain scanning research - Tulving (1989)
Types of LTMs can be used in real life applications
What case study supports types of Long Term Memory?
Clive wearing - suffered viral infection which damaged brain
Can read music and piano but didn’t have episodic memory
What did Vicari et al (2007) find?
An 8-year old suffered brain damage from tumour removal
She couldn’t form episodic memories
She can form semantic memories
What did Finke (2002) find?
68-year old cellist didn’t have any semantic or episodic memories but could still read and play music
Who found brain scanning evidence to support the types of Long Term Memory theory?
Tulving (1989)
What did Tulving (1989) find?
Semantic memory activated the frontal/temporal lobes
Episodic memory active the prefrontal cortex
What is the weakness of types of Long Term Memory?
Evidence of gender differences in Long Term Memory - Herlitz et al (1997)
What did Herlitz et al (1997) do and find?
Studied 1000 Swedish participants
Found females have better episodic Long Term Memory
No difference in semantic Long Term Memory
Suggests research on types of Long Term Memory cannot generalise to the whole population
How can types of Long Term Memory be used in real life application?
Knowing episodic is a distinct store can help us target it in people with specific episodic memory difficulties
Belleville (2006) showed it is possible to improve episodic memory in the elderly with impairments
TYPES OF LTMs ALLOWS FOR TREATMENTS TO BE DEVELOPED
