Types of Long Term Memory Flashcards

1
Q

How is Long Term Memory separated into 2 sub-stores?

A

The Long Term Memory can be divided in 2:
- Declarative memory (conscious) - easy to describe
- Non-declarative memory (unconscious) - hard to describe

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of Long Term Memory?

A

Episodic

Semantic

Procedural

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3
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Remembering events according to WHEN & WHERE they happened

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4
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

Concerned with knowledge about the world such as facts

Linked to episodic as we learn new things from new experiences

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5
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

“Muscle memory” which allows individuals to perform tasks with little conscious effort - includes language

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6
Q

What are the strengths of the types of Long Term Memory?

A

Case studies - Clive Wearing (musician) = no episodic, had procedural

Research support:
- Vicari et al (2007) - 8yr old - semantic, difficulty with episodic
- Finke (2002) - cellist no semantic or episodic but had procedural

Brain scanning research - Tulving (1989)

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7
Q

What case study supports types of Long Term Memory?

A

Clive wearing - suffered viral infection which damaged brain

Can read music and piano but didn’t have episodic memory

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8
Q

What did Vicari et al (2007) find?

A

An 8-year old suffered brain damage from tumour removal

She couldn’t form episodic memories
She can form semantic memories

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9
Q

What did Finke (2002) find?

A

Brain damage caused PM (68-year old cellist) to not have any semantic or episodic memories but could still read and play music (procedural)

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10
Q

Who found brain scanning evidence to support the types of Long Term Memory theory?

A

Tulving (1989)

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11
Q

What did Tulving (1989) find?

A

Did brain scans while asking participants questions and found:

Semantic memory activated the frontal/temporal lobes

Episodic memory active the prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

What are the weaknesses of types of Long Term Memory?

A

Case studies & research support lack control - can’t control location of brain damage and cannot generalise info from case studies to how LTM works for everyone

Evidence of gender differences in Long Term Memory - Herlitz et al (1997)

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13
Q

What did Herlitz et al (1997) do and find?

A

Studied 1000 Swedish participants
Found females have better episodic Long Term Memory
No difference in semantic Long Term Memory

Suggests research on types of Long Term Memory cannot generalise to the whole population

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14
Q

What is the strength of episodic memory influenced by?

A

Emotions and processing of info when coded

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15
Q

What determines the strength of semantic memory?

A

The amount of processing done during coding

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16
Q

What are the 3 key differences between the types of LTM?

A

Procedural is unconscious but semantic & episodic are conscious

Semantic and episodic memories are stored in hippocampus but procedural memories are stored in the cerebellum and motor cortex

Remember time when episodic memories are made but don’t remember time when semantic & procedural memories are made