Multi-Store Model

Question 1

Who founded the Multi-Store Model?

Answer 1

Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)

Question 2

What did Atkinson & Shiffrin suggest about the MSM?

Answer 2

There’s 3 unitary stores with their own capacity and duration

Question 3

What is the order of processing according to the MSM?

Answer 3

1. Info detected by sense organs and enter SR
2. If attention, info in SR goes to Short Term Memory
3. Information moves from Short Term Memory to LTM with rehearsal
4. Info must be transferred back to Short Term Memory first for retrieval

Question 4

What is maintenance rehearsal?

Answer 4

Mentally repeating material - moves info from Short Term Memory to Long Term Memory

Question 5

What is elaborate rehearsal?

Answer 5

Give material some kind of meaning

Question 6

What is the coding for the sensory register?

Answer 6

Modality specific
Gustatory - tasting
Echoic - hearing
Olfactory - smelling
Haptic - touching
Iconic - seeing

Question 7

What is the duration for the sensory register?

Answer 7

1/4 second

Question 8

What is the capacity for the sensory register?

Answer 8

Unlimited / very large

Question 9

Who tested for the Sensory Register?

Answer 9

Sperling (1960)

Question 10

What did Sperling (1960) do and find?

Answer 10

Gave participants 3 rows of 4 letters for 0.05s
Participants had to immediately recall whole grid of randomly chosen row by tone
Participants didn’t know which would be picked

Participants recalled 3/4 letters per row
Suggests the whole grid was held in SR
Capacity is large but duration is short

Question 11

What is the evaluation of Sperling’s study (1960)?

Answer 11

Good control of variables - lab study

Lacks ecological validity

Question 12

What are the strengths of the Multi-Store Model?

Answer 12

Can explain primacy and recency - Murdoch (1962)

Case studies support that Long Term Memory & Short Term Memory are separate stores

Brain-scanning techniques shows Long Term Memory & Short Term Memory to be separate

Question 13

What case study supports the Multi-Store Model?

Answer 13

Scoville & Milner (1957) on HM

Removed HM hippocampus to reduce epilepsy
His Short Term Memory was still intact but his Long Term Memory was not

Question 14

Who performed brain scans to prove the Multi-Store Model?

Answer 14

Beardsley (1977)

Squire et al (1992)

Question 15

What did Beardsley (1977) find?

Answer 15

Prefrontal cortex active during Short Term Memory but not Long Term Memory tasks

DIFFERENT PARTS OF BRAIN ACTIVE FOR STM AND LTM

Question 16

What did Squire et al (1992) find?

Answer 16

Hippocampus active when Long Term Memory was engaged but not Short Term Memory

Question 17

What are the weaknesses of the Multi-Store Model?

Answer 17

Doesn’t explain lightbulb memories (Brown and Kulik)

Evidence showing Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory aren’t unitary stores

Most studies supporting MSM lack ecological validity

Question 18

What did Brown & Kulik (1977) find?

Answer 18

Found that lightbulb memories (highly emotional or shocking events) easily store in our Long Term Memory without rehearsal

MSM simplifies the LTM

Question 19

What evidence suggests that Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory aren’t single stores?

Answer 19

KF had bike accident which damaged brain
Couldn’t remember sounds but could remember images

Question 20

What was Murdoch’s study (1962) and what did he find?

Answer 20

Tested how well participants could remember a list of 10-40 words
They remembered the words at the start and end of the list