types of long term memory

Question 1

what are the 3 types of LTM?

Answer 1

episodic
semantic
procedural

Question 2

what is episodic memory?

Answer 2

memories of personal experiences and specific events

they are time stamped
declarative or explicit

e,g first day of school

Question 3

what are semantic memories?

Answer 3

facts , meanings , concepts and knowledge of the world
e,g 5x5 = 25

declarative or explicit

Question 4

what are procedural memories?

Answer 4

“how to “
unconscious memories for actions or skills- how we do things e.g riding a bike

non declarative or implicit memory

Question 5

what does declarative mean?

Answer 5

the memory can be put into words

Question 6

what does explicit mean?

Answer 6

the memory is consciously recalled

Question 7

what does non declarative mean?

Answer 7

the memory is difficult to put into words

Question 8

what does implicit mean?

Answer 8

the memory cant be consciously recalled

Question 9

what type of memory is easiest to forget?

Answer 9

episodic

Question 10

what memory is resistant to forgetting?

Answer 10

semantic

Question 11

what type of memory is very resistant to forgetting?

Answer 11

procedural

Question 12

what did tulving et als procedure?

Answer 12

got ps to perform various memory tasks whilst they had PET scans

it was found that the left prefrontal cortex was involved with recalling semantic memories

the right prefrontal cortex is where episodic memories were recalled from. they are associated with hippocampus

procedural memories are associated with cerebellum and motor cortex

this supports that there are multiple types of ltm in the brain

Question 13

where are semantic memories recalled in the brain

Answer 13

left prefrontal cortex

Question 14

where are episodic memories recalled from?

Answer 14

right prefrontal cortex

associated with hippocampus

Question 15

where are procedural memories associated with in the brain?

Answer 15

cerebellum and motor cortex

Question 16

how does clive wearing support the seperate stores of LTM?

Answer 16

he cant remember his music education (episodic)

remembers facts about his life e.g he has kids (semantic)

he can play the piano ( procedural)

this supports that semantic , procedural and episodic memories are seperate stores of LTM

Question 17

which types of LTM does clive wearing have ?

Answer 17

can recall semantic memories and procedural memories

Question 18

what type of LTM was impaired for clive wearing

Answer 18

episodic

Question 19

what is the real life application of different types of LTM?
beleville

Answer 19

beleville et al demonstrated that episodic memories could be improved in older people who had a mild cognitive impairment.

the trained ps performed better on a test of episodic memory after training compared to a control group who werent trained

Question 20

what is the weakness of the 3 types of LTM
- how different they are to eachother

Answer 20

the similarities between the 3 types of LTM suggest that they may not be truly distinct.

episodic and semantic memories are both declarative and episodic become semantic over time.

there is also a link between semantic and procedural as we are able to talk fluently using semantic concepts without consciously having to recall the details of each semantic idea

Question 21

evaluate the use of ideographic research for types of ltm

Answer 21

research such as clive wearing allows researchers to study memory in a way that would be impossible experimentally

findings of clinical case studies lack generalisability.

only using one or a few indicividuals for research means that findings may not be able to explain how memory works in others- lacks population validity

the findings may be unique to the individual

Question 22

what is the weakness of using case studies for types of ltm?

Answer 22

findings of clinical case studies lack generalisability.

only using one or a few indicividuals for research means that findings may not be able to explain how memory works in others- lacks population validity

the findings may be unique to the individual