types of long term memory Flashcards
what are the 3 types of LTM?
episodic
semantic
procedural
what is episodic memory?
memories of personal experiences and specific events
they are time stamped
declarative or explicit
e,g first day of school
what are semantic memories?
facts , meanings , concepts and knowledge of the world
e,g 5x5 = 25
declarative or explicit
what are procedural memories?
“how to “
unconscious memories for actions or skills- how we do things e.g riding a bike
non declarative or implicit memory
what does declarative mean?
the memory can be put into words
what does explicit mean?
the memory is consciously recalled
what does non declarative mean?
the memory is difficult to put into words
what does implicit mean?
the memory cant be consciously recalled
what type of memory is easiest to forget?
episodic
what memory is resistant to forgetting?
semantic
what type of memory is very resistant to forgetting?
procedural
what did tulving et als procedure?
got ps to perform various memory tasks whilst they had PET scans
it was found that the left prefrontal cortex was involved with recalling semantic memories
the right prefrontal cortex is where episodic memories were recalled from. they are associated with hippocampus
procedural memories are associated with cerebellum and motor cortex
this supports that there are multiple types of ltm in the brain
where are semantic memories recalled in the brain
left prefrontal cortex
where are episodic memories recalled from?
right prefrontal cortex
associated with hippocampus
where are procedural memories associated with in the brain?
cerebellum and motor cortex
how does clive wearing support the seperate stores of LTM?
he cant remember his music education (episodic)
remembers facts about his life e.g he has kids (semantic)
he can play the piano ( procedural)
this supports that semantic , procedural and episodic memories are seperate stores of LTM
which types of LTM does clive wearing have ?
can recall semantic memories and procedural memories
what type of LTM was impaired for clive wearing
episodic
what is the real life application of different types of LTM?
beleville
beleville et al demonstrated that episodic memories could be improved in older people who had a mild cognitive impairment.
the trained ps performed better on a test of episodic memory after training compared to a control group who werent trained
what is the weakness of the 3 types of LTM
- how different they are to eachother
the similarities between the 3 types of LTM suggest that they may not be truly distinct.
episodic and semantic memories are both declarative and episodic become semantic over time.
there is also a link between semantic and procedural as we are able to talk fluently using semantic concepts without consciously having to recall the details of each semantic idea
evaluate the use of ideographic research for types of ltm
research such as clive wearing allows researchers to study memory in a way that would be impossible experimentally
findings of clinical case studies lack generalisability.
only using one or a few indicividuals for research means that findings may not be able to explain how memory works in others- lacks population validity
the findings may be unique to the individual
what is the weakness of using case studies for types of ltm?
findings of clinical case studies lack generalisability.
only using one or a few indicividuals for research means that findings may not be able to explain how memory works in others- lacks population validity
the findings may be unique to the individual
