retrieval failure : forgetting in long term memory

Question 1

what is retrieval failure ?

Answer 1

when we forget information due to the absense of cues

Question 2

what are the 2 types of cues?

Answer 2

context dependant cues

state dependent cues

Question 3

what are context dependent cues?

Answer 3

environmental cues they are external

e.g a room, smell, group of people

Question 4

what are state dependent cues ?

Answer 4

internal cues inside of us related to our mood and psychological state
e,g being sad or drunk

Question 5

what is context dependent forgetting

Answer 5

when the environment during recall is different from the environment you were in when learning

Question 6

what is state dependent forgetting?

Answer 6

when your mood or physiological state during recall is different from the mood you were in when learning.

Question 7

what was the procedure of godden and baddeleys study?

Answer 7

18 divers were asked to learn lists of 36 words

4 conditions:
learn on beach recall on beach

learn on beach recall underwater

learn underwater recall on beach

learn underwater recall underwater

Question 8

what were the conditions of godden and baddeleys study?

Answer 8

4 conditions:
learn on beach recall on beach

learn on beach recall underwater

learn underwater recall on beach

learn underwater recall underwater

Question 9

what were the results of godden and baddeleys study

Answer 9

learnt on beach recall on beach 13.5 words

learnt on beach recall underwater 8.6 words

learnt underwater recall on beach 8.5 words

learnt under water recall under water 11.4 words

Question 10

what was the average number of words recalled when learning on beach and recalling on beach?

Answer 10

13.5

Question 11

what was the average number of words recalled when learning on beach and recalling underwater?

Answer 11

8.5

Question 12

what was the average number of words recalled when learning underwater and recalling on beach?

Answer 12

8.5

Question 13

what was the average number of words recalled when learning underwater and recalling underwater ?

Answer 13

11.4

Question 14

what was the conclusion of godden and baddeley?

Answer 14

environment acts as a memory cue and we are more likely to recall information when we are in the same environment that we learnt the information in

Question 15

does godden and baddeleys study have ecological validity ?

Answer 15

its not everyday that we are asked to recall lists of words and recall/ learn underwater so it lacks ecological validity

there was also meaningless material used in lists so it may have decreased recall

however it may link to memory in divers

Question 16

does godden and baddeley have control over extraneous variables ?

Answer 16

control over word list used

no control over environment as it was a natural environment

Question 17

what other factors could have affected recall in godden and baddeleys study?

Answer 17

a persons memory

noise e.g seagulls

temperature of water

Question 18

is there any study that found similar results to godden and baddeley

Answer 18

abernathy- students performed better in tests if the tests took place in the same room as the learning of material had taken place

and administered by the same person that taught them the information

Question 19

what is godden and baddeleys study evidence for ?

Answer 19

context dependent fogetting

Question 20

what study supports state dependent forgetting?

Answer 20

goodwin et al

Question 21

what was the procedure of goodwin et als study?

Answer 21

48 male medical students

group1: sober both days
group 2: intoxicated both days
group 3 : intoxicated day 1 sober day 2
group 4 : sober on day 1 intoxicated on day 2

all ps showed signs of intoxication all had 100ml alcohol in blood

Question 22

what were the 4 tests that ps had to do in goodwin et als study?

Answer 22

avoidance task
picture recognition
association test
verbal rote learning task

Question 23

what were the results of goodwin et al?

Answer 23

more errors were made on day 2 in the intoxicated day 1 sober day 2 and sober day 1 intoxicated day 2 conditions

compared to in the intoxicated or sober both day conditions

but this was not the case for picture recognition task

the sober on both days ps performed best in all tasks

Question 24

what is the conclusion of goodwin et al?

Answer 24

state acts as a memory cue and we are more likely to recall information when we are in the same state that we learnt it in

Question 25

what are the weaknesses of goodwins study?

Answer 25

may have demand characteristics- all ps showed signs of intoxication but they were all given 100ml of alcohol. this could be due to demand chatracteristics as ps could have different tolerances and acted drunk as they had figuired out the aim of the study. may have tried to please the researcher or sabotage

ecological validity-lacks as it isnt everyday that someone is drunk and it is unlikely that someone would be drunk 2 days in a row

protection from harm: purposely intoxicated and alcohol is morally wrong

Question 26

what are the strengths of goodwin et al?

Answer 26

reliability : study can be replicated due to high control and see if the same results are found

high control : same volume of alcohol consumed was controlled (100ml)
and tasks were controlled

Question 27

demand characteristics in goodwins study

Answer 27

may have demand characteristics- all ps showed signs of intoxication but they were all given 100ml of alcohol. this could be due to demand chatracteristics as ps could have different tolerances and acted drunk as they had figuired out the aim of the study. may have tried to please the researcher or sabotage

Question 28

does goodwins study have ecological validity ?

Answer 28

lacks EV as it isnt everyday that someone is drunk and it is unlikely that someone would be drunk 2 days in a row

Question 29

did goodwins study break the ethic protection from ham?

Answer 29

yes
purposely intoxicated and alcohol is morally wrong