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PSYCHOLOGY:Memory > Multi Store Model of Memory > Flashcards

Multi Store Model of Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the capacity of sensory memory?

A

very large

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2
Q

what is the duration of sensory memory?

A

500 milliseconds visual
2-3 seconds auditory

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3
Q

What is the coding for sensory memory?

A

sense specific

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4
Q

what is the capacity of short term memory?

A

5-9 items

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5
Q

what is the duration of short term memory?

A

18- 30 seconds

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6
Q

what is coding in short term memory?

A

mainly acoustic

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7
Q

what is the capacity of long term memory?

A

unlimited

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8
Q

what is the duration of long term memory?

A

up to a lifetime

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9
Q

what is the coding in long term memory?

A

mainly semantically

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10
Q

who found the capacity of sensory memory?

A

sperling

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11
Q

who found the duration of sensory memory?

A

crowder

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12
Q

who found coding in sensory memory?

A

crowder

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13
Q

who found the capacity of STM?

A

miller

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14
Q

who found the duration of STM?

A

peterson and peterson

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15
Q

Who found the coding for STM?

A

baddeley

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16
Q

Who found the capacity of LTM?

A

wagenaar

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17
Q

who found the duration of LTM?

A

bahrick

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18
Q

Who found the coding of LTM?

A

Baddeley

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19
Q

what did Sperling do in his experiment to find the capacity of sensory memory?

A

tachistoscope

sperling put 12 letters on a grid and displayed them for 50miliseconds

ps could only recall around 4 symbols but reported seeing more than 4 symbols on the grid

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20
Q

What was millers study on capacity of short term memory?

A

used a digit span technique

asked ps to immediately recall numbers after him

score = number of digits they could correctly recall

capacity can be increased by chunking

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21
Q

what is chunking?

A

putting large amounts of information into smaller more managable chunks

it can increase capacity of STM

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22
Q

what was peterson and petersons experiment on duration of STM?

A

gave ps trigrams to remember

had to recall them in delays of 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds

they were asked to count backwards in 3s to prevent recall

after 18 seconds there was less than 10% recall of trigrams showing the duration is 18-30 seconds

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23
Q

what was baddeleys experiment on the coding of short term memory?

A

ps were shown a list of words and they were immediately asked to recall a list in order

there was a list of acoustically similar words and acoustically dissimilar words.

acoustically similar words were harder to recall in STM due to confusion of sound.

24
Q

what was wagenars study on the capacity of long term memory?

A

he created a diary and tested himself on the recall of events over 6 years

he recalled 2400 events suggesting the capacity of long term memory is unlimited

25
Q

what was bahricks research on the duration of long term memory?

A

tested the memory of 392 graduates on their recall of their former highschool classmates

2 conditions:
half ps were given a group of names and asked to select the person in the photo( recognition group)

the other half were asked to name the people in the photos without a list of names (free recall group)

recognition group - 60% after 47 years

recall group - 20% after 47 years

26
Q

what was baddeleys study on coding in long term memory?

A

he gave ps two lists of words to recall.

a list of semantically similar words and a list of semantically different words.

ps found it difficult to recall semantically similar words showing that coding is semantic

27
Q

what is the store name for auditory info?

A

echoic

28
Q

what is the store name for visual info?

A

iconic

29
Q

what is the store name for touch?

A

haptic

30
Q

what is the store name for taste?

A

gustatory

31
Q

what is the store name for smell?

A

olfactory

32
Q

what are the weaknesses of baddeleys study into memory?

A

didnt use maningful material. The words used in the list have no meaningful info to ps. when processing meaningful info we may use semantic coding even for STM.- limited application

may not be able to be generalised to other memory tasks

lacks ecological validity- not everyday we ask to memorise lists

33
Q

what are the strengths of baddeleys study into coding?

A

baddeleys findings make cognitive sense. E.g if we had to remember a shopping list the list would probably be repeated out loud (acoustic rehearsal)

high contol over. same lists used in each replication.
shows cause and effect and can be replicated

34
Q

what are the strengths of millers study?

A

lab experiment so can show cause and effect. We can be sure that it was the number of digits ps were given that caused the amount of recall

replicable

35
Q

what is the weakness of millers study?

A

lacks ecological validity. doing a digit span technique is not an everyday situation. so the study may not be able to be generalised to everyday uses of memory

36
Q

What are weaknesses of peterson and peterson?

A

the trigrams do not reflect an everyday situation where we need to use memory. so lacks ecological validity

it may have been the trigrams that have cased poor recall as they had no meaning .

37
Q

what is a strength of peterson and peterson?

A

high control so can be replicated

e.g same trigrams used same amount of time before recall

38
Q

what are the weaknesses of wagennars study?

A

case study so it lacks population validity as only one person is being used,

could be biased as it is self report data

39
Q

what are the weaknesses of bahricks study?

A

confounding variables are not controlled- ps could have looked at their yearbook photos through the years or still speak to them which is why they can still recall their names

its unclear whether the drop off in the accuracy of recall after 47 years is due to passage of time or ageing effects in brains of older ps

40
Q

what are the extra pieces of evidence that support the MSM ?

A

KF

baddeley- brain scans

glanzer and cunitz

korsakoffs syndrome

41
Q

does clive wearing support or go against the MSM?

A

against

42
Q

what did baddeleys brain scans show?

A

when ps were having a brain scan baddeley asked questions that made them use their STM and LTM. it was found that there was different patterns in brain activity when ps were asked to recall from STM and LTM.

showing that they are seperate stores

43
Q

how does korsakoffs syndrome support the MSM ?

A

chronic alcoholics sometimes develop korsakoffs syndrome which causes brain damage

it has little effect on stm but severely impairs LTM this suggests that LTM and STM are different stores

44
Q

what is the primacy effect - glanzer and cunitz

A

words at the beginning of the list are recalled because they have been rehearsed and transferred to the LTM

this is the primacy effect

45
Q

what is the recency effect?- glanzer and cunitz

A

words at the end of the list are recalled as they are still in the STM this is the recency effect

46
Q

what was the procedure of glanzer and cunitz?

A

participants were shown a list of words and were asked to recall them

47
Q

what did glanzer and cunitz find?

A

words at the start of the list were recalled because they had be transferred to LTM due to rehearsal PRIMACY EFFECT

words at the middle of the list were forgotten due to being displaced by later words as the capacity of stm is 5-9 items

words at the end of the list were remembered as they were still in the STM RECENCY EFFECT

48
Q

how does kf support msm?

A

it supports that stm and ltm are seperate stores

he suffered with brain damage after a motorbike accident

his ltm was intact but there was difficulty with the STM

49
Q

how does clive wearing critique the MSM?

A

it goes agaisnt the idea that there is only 1 type of LTM

clive lost memories from his ltm but could still recall certain things - playing the piano, recognises wife
but not any convos with his wife and not the names of his kids

he had a STM but cant not rehearse and transfer LTM

50
Q

can clive support msm in anyway ?

A

supports that there is a ltm and stm

51
Q

how do flashbulb memories go against the msm ?

A

It contradicts the multi store model as information appears to have gotten into the long term memory without having to be rehearsed.

in everyday life we rarely rehearse information but the info still goes to our LTM

this goes against the idea that we need rehearsal in order to transfer info to ltm

52
Q

why is it a weakness of MSM that most research are lab experiments?

A

they lack external validity as the experiments are highly artificial

there is low ecological validity and may not be generalisable to naturalistic situations like school or work

lacks mudane realism the experimental tasks that ps had to do are unlike how we use memory in real life scenarios

53
Q

What is the capacity of the episodic buffer ?

A

25 items

54
Q

What is the capacity of VSS ?

A

4-5 chunks

55
Q

What is the capacity of central executive ?

A

1 piece of info at a time

PSYCHOLOGY:Memory (7 decks)

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