TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATION Flashcards
TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATION
- Particulate Radiation
- Electromagnetic Radiation ( No Mass & Charge)
5 FUNDAMENTAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIOUS TYPES OF RADIATION
5 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
- Mass
- Energy
- Velocity
- Charge
- Origin
• Any charged particle in motion is capable of ionization & induces a magnetic field.
• Classified as particulate radiation if they are in MOTION and POSSESS SUFFICIENT KINETIC ENERGY.
• Has mass
• Considered matter
• Occupies space
• It has no wavelength matter or mass it only represents
• It loses its energy & intensity
PARTICULATE RADIATION
TYPE OF PARTICULATE RADIATION:
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Negatron
Positron
Alpha Particle (Helium Nucleus ) (α)
• 9.1 X 106^-31 kg
• 511 keV
• Negative charge
• Smallest magnet
• Lightest subatomic particle
• Discovered by Joseph John Thomson
• Origin = electron shell or orbital shell or electron cloud
ELECTRON
• 1.673 X 10^-27 kg
• Positive charge (p+)
• Eugen Goldstein
• Determines the atomic number & the chemical properties of atom
PROTON
• 1.675 X 10^-27 kg
• No charge (n)
• Heaviest subatomic particle
• James Chadwick
• Neutral
• Very unstable particle
NEUTRON
• [β]
• 9.1 X 10^-31 kg
• 511 keV
• Negative charge
• Electron-like particle
• Product of radioactive decay (Negative Beta decay)
• Origin – Nucleus
NEGATRON
• [β +1]
• 9.1 X 10^-31 kg
• 511 keV
• Electron like a particle with a (+) charge
• Product of radioactive decay (Positive Beta decay)
• Positive electron = antimatter
• Undergoes the annihilation process
POSITRON
• 4 amu
• 4 to 7 meV
• +2 charge
• Unstable heavy nucleus
• Alpha decay occurs
• Ionize - 40, 000 ion pairs/cm of travel
• Shielding material= SKIN/PAPER
• AIR= 1 to 10cm
• SOFT TISSUE= up to 0.1 mm
• Very violent particle
• Very hazardous particle
ALPHA PARTICLE (Helium Nucleus ) (α)
• Propagation of energy
• With wavelength
• Properties of wave
• No mass, no charge
• Travel at the speed of light (c= 3 x 108 m/s)
• Unlimited range in matter
• Photon radiation (EMR) decreases in intensity as it traverses matter, but it never quite reaches zero as does particulate radiation.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation
X-ray
Gamma Ray
• Origin = electron cloud
• Approx. energy = 0 to10 MeV
• Up to 500 ion pair/cm of air
• AIR = 0 to 100 m
• SOFT TISSUE = 0 to 30 cm
X-RAYS
