Types of framing

Question 1

Factors affecting selecting a framing type

Answer 1

Availability of products
Ground types
Timeline of project
Preference of client
Sustainability

Question 2

Factors of steel erection

Answer 2

High lead time
Faster erection on site so can be occupied sooner
Flexible
Transmit vibration well
Steel can be recycled
Needs fire protection
Innovation in formwork like self climbing forms
60% lighter so may mean cheaper foundations

Question 3

Factors of Concrete

Answer 3

Conventional as pre-cast concrete can reduce build time
Concrete is fire protected
Used in high rise
Site waste can be used in the mix
Can be used in hybrid solutions (waste materials like slag and fly ash)

Question 4

Disadvantages/Advantages of cross laminated timber

Answer 4

lighter than steel and more sustainable

Fire issues

Question 5

Basic criteria governing selection of frames

Answer 5

Dimensions
Loads
Deflections
Cost
Availability

Question 6

Four types of frame

Answer 6

Reinforced concrete frames
Precast concrete frames
Steel
Advanced timber frames

Question 7

Different types of costs

Answer 7

Direct cost- of frame
Indirect cost- Cost of foundation
Inverstment cost- a frame which can be completed quickly will allow the building to be sold
Cost in use- maintence

Question 8

Advantages of reinforced concrete construction

Answer 8

Materials are relatively cheap
Off site manu
Irregular shapes
Good fire resistance
Little maintenance

Question 9

Disadvantages of reinforced concrete

Answer 9

Labour intensive
A lot of equipment required
Construction is slow
Shrinkage and deflection
Weather senstivie construction

Question 10

Advantages of timber frame

Answer 10

Raw materials readily available
Complex shapes possible
Long trusses can be delivered on site
COmparable with light steel
Can last for hundreds of years unless damp