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Nematodes > Types Of Female Nematodes > Flashcards

Types Of Female Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following female nematodes is classified as oviparous?

A) Ascaris
B) Trichuris
C) Female hookworms
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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2
Q

Which term best describes the reproductive method of nematodes that lay eggs only, without the presence of larvae?

A) Oviparous
B) Viviparous
C) Ovoviviparous
D) Parthenogenic

A

A) Oviparous

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3
Q

Which of the following types of female nematodes will never produce eggs but only delivers larvae?

A) Oviparous
B) Viviparous
C) Ovoviviparous
D) Amphiparous

A

B) Viviparous

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4
Q

Which of the following nematodes exhibit viviparous reproduction?

A) T. Spiralis
B) D. Medinensis
C) All filarial worms
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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5
Q

Which of the following terms describes a type of female nematode that can develop eggs with larvae in its shell?

A) Ovoviviparous
B) Oviparous
C) Viviparous
D) Parthenogenic

A

A) Ovoviviparous

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6
Q

Which female nematode exhibits ovoviviparity?

A) E. Vermicularis
B) S. Stercoralis
C) Both
D) Neither

A

C) Both

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7
Q

What is the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

• Egg stage > Larva stage > Adult male or adult female

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8
Q

Which of the following are examples of soil-transmitted helminths?

A) S. Stercoralis
B) N. Americanus & A. Duodenale (human hookworms)
C) D. Caninum & braziliense (Non-human hookworms)
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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9
Q

What is the life cycle of S. Stercoralis and Hookworms?

A

• Eggs > Rhabditiform larva > Undergoes maturation > Filariform larva > Male or Female Adult

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10
Q

How can you differentiate rhabditiform larva based on specific characteristics?

A

• By the length of the buccal cavity and the size of the genital primordium.

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11
Q

How can filariform larvae be differentiated based on specific characteristics?

A

• Filariform larvae can be differentiated by the length of their esophagus, the configuration of their tail end, and the presence or absence of a sheath.

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12
Q

Which characteristic describes the rhabditiform larva of S. stercoralis?

A) 225um long with a buccal cavity length half the width of the body and a distinct genital primordium.

B) 300um long with a buccal cavity length equal to the width of the body and a faint genital primordium.

C) 200um long with a buccal cavity length three times the width of the body and no visible genital primordium.

D) 250um long with a buccal cavity length double the width of the body and an indistinct genital primordium.

A

A) 225um long with a buccal cavity length half the width of the body and a distinct genital primordium.

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13
Q

Which of the following characteristics describes the rhabditiform larva of Hookworms?

A) Length of 250um with a shorter buccal cavity
B) Length of 250um with a wider buccal cavity
C) Length of 250um with a buccal cavity equal to the width of the body
D) Length of 250um with an elongated and distinct genital primordium

A

C) Length of 250um with a buccal cavity equal to the width of the body

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14
Q

Which of the following characteristics describes the filariform larvae of hookworms?

A) Length of 700um, longer esophagus, blunt tail end, and sheathed.
B) Length of 250um, longer buccal cavity, pointed tail end, and sheathed.
C) Length of 700um, shorter esophagus, pointed tail end, and sheathed.
D) Length of 250um, equal buccal cavity, pointed tail end, and sheathed.

A

C) Length of 700um, shorter esophagus, pointed tail end, and sheathed.

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15
Q

Which characteristic correctly describes the filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A) Length of 550um, longer esophagus, bifid or notched tail end, sheathed
B) Length of 700um, shorter esophagus, pointed, straight tail end, sheathed
C) Length of 250um, longer buccal cavity equal to the width of the body, indistinct/inconspicuous genital primordium
D) Length of 550um, longer esophagus, bifid or notched tail end, unsheathed

A

D) Length of 550um, longer esophagus, bifid or notched tail end, unsheathed

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16
Q

Give the Egg and Adult under A.lumbricoides

A

Egg: A.lumbricoides, produces both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. Fertilized eggs possess a thick shell consisting of inner, middle, and outer layers, the outer layer often exhibiting a feature called mammilation or mamillary coat. Unfertilized eggs typically have a thin shell, lacking the middle layer.

Adult: The adult form of A.lumbricoides is either pink or white, resembling an earthworm, with a mouth featuring three oval lips, termed a trilobate lip.

17
Q

What distinguishes T.trichiura eggs, and what are the defining characteristics of its adult form?

A
  • T.trichiura eggs are barrel-shaped with lantern-like protrusions, often termed “Japanese lantern ova.”
  • The adult form is pinkish-gray, featuring a slender anterior two-thirds, and a distinctive whip-like, fleshy tail, resembling a whipworm.
18
Q

What are the distinguishing features of E. vermicularis in its egg and adult stages?

A

Egg: E. vermicularis eggs are characterized by their D-shaped appearance, being flat on one side and lopsided, enclosed in a thin shell containing a motile larva.
Adult: They possess a cuticular alar expansion, resembling winglike extensions in the head region, and a distinct esophageal bulb.

19
Q

What are the characteristic features of the eggs and adult form of C. philippinensis?

A
  • The eggs of C. philippinensis are typically peanut-shaped, featuring flat polar plugs and a striated shell.
  • The adult form exhibits a thin, filamentous anterior and a slightly thicker posterior.
20
Q

What is the characteristic feature of human hookworm eggs?

A
  • Human hookworm eggs have an ovoid shape with a thin shell containing 2-8 germ cells, resembling a morula ball. ALL HOOKWORM EGGS ARE ALIKE IDENTICAL
21
Q

What distinguishes the adult hookworms?

A
  • Adult hookworms have a buccal cavity with a dental pattern. Male worms possess a copulatory bursa, while female hookworms have a straight and expanded tail.
22
Q

What are the distinguishing features of Necator americanus, a type of human hookworm?

A

Egg: The eggs are ovoid, containing 2-8 germ cells and have a thin shell resembling a morula ball.
Adult: They possess a buccal cavity with a distinct dental pattern. The males have a copulatory bursa, while the females exhibit a straight, expanded tail.

23
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the eggs and adults of Ancylostoma duodenale?

A
  • The eggs of Ancylostoma duodenale are ovoid, containing 2-8 germ cells within a thin shell resembling a morula ball.
  • Adults possess a buccal cavity with a distinct dental pattern. Male worms exhibit a copulatory bursa, while the females have a straight and expanded tail.
24
Q

What distinct feature characterizes the mouth of Necator americanus?

A
  • With semilunar cutting plates (no teeth)
25
Q

What is a distinctive feature of Necator americanus in terms of its buccal cavity?

A
  • 0 pair of buccal teeth
26
Q

What is the distinguishing feature in the buccal structure of Ancylostoma braziliense found in cats?

A
  • Cats has one pair of buccal teeth.
27
Q

How many pairs of buccal teeth are present in Ancylostoma caninum, commonly found in dogs?

A
  • Dogs exhibits three pairs of buccal teeth.
28
Q

What distinguishes the eggs of Strongyloides stercoralis from those of hookworms?

A
  • The eggs of Strongyloides stercoralis are similar to those of hookworms but are usually embryonated, and they are rarely encountered in feces.
29
Q

What is a characteristic feature of the adult Strongyloides stercoralis?

A
  • The adult Strongyloides stercoralis has a short buccal cavity with indistinct lips.
30
Q

Which symptom is commonly associated with Enterobiasis or Pinworm infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis?

A) Nausea
B) Headaches
C) Abdominal pain
D) Itchiness of the anal region

A

D) Itchiness of the anal region

31
Q

What condition can heavy Trichuriasis potentially lead to?

A) Rectal Itching
B) Gastric Ulcers
C) Rectal Prolapse
D) Liver Cirrhosis

A

C) Rectal Prolapse

32
Q

Which type of anemia is commonly associated with hookworm infection?

A) Macrocytic anemia
B) Sideroblastic anemia
C) Microcytic hypochromic anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia

A

C) Microcytic hypochromic anemia

33
Q

Which parasitic infection is associated with the development of Loeffler’s syndrome, characterized by pneumonitis due to larval migration to the lungs?

Options:
A. Ancylostoma duodenale
B. Trichuris trichiura
C. Enterobius vermicularis
D. Ascaris lumbricoides

A

D. Ascaris lumbricoides

34
Q

Which symptom is commonly associated with Capillariasis?

A) Diarrhea
B) Borborygmi
C) Skin Rash
D) Fever

A

B) Borborygmi

35
Q

Which parasite is associated with Chinese Lantern ova?

A) Strongyloides stercoralis
B) Trichuris trichiura
C) Ascaris lumbricoides
D) Enterobius vermicularis

A

A) Strongyloides stercoralis

36
Q

Which parasite is linked to Japanese Lantern ova?

A) Strongyloides stercoralis
B) Trichuris trichiura
C) Ascaris lumbricoides
D) Enterobius vermicularis

A

B) Trichuris trichiura

37
Q

Which of the following combinations is referred to as the “UNHOLY 3” in parasitology?

A) Schistosoma mansoni, Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichinella spiralis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia solium, Enterobius vermicularis
C) Hookworms (human hookworm), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura
D) Giardia lamblia, Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium vivax

A

C) Hookworms (human hookworm), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura

38
Q

Which parasites undergo a lung migration cycle as part of their life cycle?

A) Ascaris lumbricoides
B) Strongyloides stercoralis
C) Hookworms (human hookworms)
D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

Nematodes (6 decks)

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