Nematodes Flashcards
What is the general shape of nematodes?
A) Circular
B) Elongated and cylindrical
C) Segmented
D) Triangular
B) Elongated and cylindrical
How are nematodes classified in terms of gender?
A) Monogamous
B) Hermaphroditic
C) Dioecious
D) Asexual
C) Dioecious
How can you distinguish a male nematode from a female?
A) Longer body with a straight tail
B) Shorter body with a straight tail
C) shorter body with a dorsally curved tail
D) Shorter body with a ventrally curved tail
C) shorter body with a dorsally curved tail
Does nematodes possessing a complete mouth, nervous system, and digestive system?
Yes
In a heteroxenous nematode life cycle, which host serves as the 1st (definitive) host?
A) Intermediate host
B) Homoxenous host
C) Primary host
D) Secondary host
C) Primary host
What type of host can serve as both definitive and intermediate in a heteroxenous nematode life cycle?
A) Secondary host
B) Tertiary host
C) Homoxenous host
D) Intermediate host
A) Secondary host
Which part of the nematode possesses cephalic chemoreceptors?
A) Tail
B) Body
C) Head
D) Midsection
C) Head
What type of chemoreceptors are found in the posterior (tail) region of nematodes?
A) Caudal chemoreceptors
B) Cephalic chemoreceptors
C) Midsection chemoreceptors
D) Tail chemoreceptors
A) Caudal chemoreceptors
Which group of nematodes lacks caudal chemoreceptors?
A) Aphasmids
B) Phasmids
C) Cephalids
D) Tailoids
A) Aphasmids
What is the function of phasmids in nematodes?
A) Sensory organs in the head
B) Caudal chemoreceptors
C) Midsection chemoreceptors
D) Reproductive organs
B) Caudal chemoreceptors
Which nematodes belong to the group of aphasmids?
A) T. spiralis
B) T. trichiura
C) C. philippinensis
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which intestinal nematode is known as the “pudoc worm”?
A) Capillaria philippinensis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Strongyloides stercoralis
D) Necator americanus
A) Capillaria philippinensis
What is the largest intestinal nematode, also referred to as the “giant intestinal” or “Eelworm”?
A) Capillaria philippinensis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Strongyloides stercoralis
D) Necator americanus
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
Which intestinal nematode is recognized as the smallest and is commonly known as the “threadworm”?
A) Capillaria philippinensis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Strongyloides stercoralis
D) Necator americanus
C) Strongyloides stercoralis
What is the term for the NEW world hookworm, also referred to as the human hookworm?
A) Capillaria philippinensis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Strongyloides stercoralis
D) Necator americanus
D) Necator americanus
Which intestinal nematode is known as the Old world hookworm?
A) Capillaria philippinensis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Ancylostoma duodenale
D) Trichuris trichura
C) Ancylostoma duodenale
What is the common name for Trichuris trichura?
Whipworm
Which intestinal nematode is commonly known as the Pinworm or Seatworm?
A) Capillaria philippinensis
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Strongyloides stercoralis
D) Enterobius vermicularis
D) Enterobius vermicularis
What is another name for Trichinella spiralis?
A) Pork muscle roundworm
B) Guinea worm
C) Draculuncus medinensis
D) Serpent worm
A) Pork muscle roundworm
Which of the following is commonly known as Guinea worm?
A) Trichinella spiralis
B) Draculuncus medinensis
C) Trichina worm
D) Serpent worm
B) Draculuncus medinensis
Which filarial worm primarily affects the lower lymphatics?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Banchroft’s filarial
D) Alayan filaria
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
What is the main filarial worm associated with the upper lymphatics?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Banchroft’s filarial
D) Alayan filaria
B) Brugia malayi
Which of the following parasites is associated with subcutaneous dipetalonema in chimpanzees?
A. Loa loa
B. Onchocerca volvulus
C. Mansonella streptocerca
D. None of the above
C. Mansonella streptocerca
Which of the following subcutaneous filarial parasites is associated with blindness?
A. Loa loa
B. Onchocerca volvulus
C. Mansonella streptocerca
D. Dipetalonema (chimpanzee)
B. Onchocerca volvulus
Which parasitic worm is known as the eye worm but does not cause blindness?
A) Loa loa
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Taenia solium
D) Wuchereria bancrofti
A) Loa loa
Which of the following is associated with Mansonella ozzardi?
A. Ozzard’s filaria
B. New World filaria
C. Persistent filaria
D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
What is another name for Mansonella perstans?
A. Ozzard’s filaria
B. New World filaria
C. Persistent filaria
D. None of the above
C. Persistent filaria
What is Toxocara cati?
a) Ascaris of Dogs
b) Ascaris of Cats
c) Cat Hookworm
d) Dog Heartworm
b) Ascaris of Cats
Which nematode is known as the “Ascaris of Dogs”?
a) Toxocara cati
b) Toxocara canis
c) Ancylostoma braziliense
d) Dirofilaria immitis
b) Toxocara canis
Ancylostoma braziliense is associated with:
a) Cat Hookworm
b) Dog Heartworm
c) Rat Lungworm
d) Dog Hookworm
a) Cat Hookworm
What is the scientific name for Dog Hookworm?
a) Toxocara cati
b) Toxocara canis
c) Ancylostoma braziliense
d) Ancylostoma caninum
d) Ancylostoma caninum
Dirofilaria immitis is commonly known as:
a) Cat Hookworm
b) Dog Heartworm
c) Rat Lungworm
d) Ascaris of Dogs
b) Dog Heartworm
Which nematode is referred to as Rat Lungworm?
a) Toxocara cati
b) Toxocara canis
c) Ancylostoma braziliense
d) Angiostrongylus cantonensis
d) Angiostrongylus cantonensis
What is the infective stage?
A) Diagnostic stage
B) Developmental stage
C) Manner of transmission stage
D) Specimen detection stage
B) Developmental stage
How is the infective stage transmitted?
A) Ingestion
B) Skin penetration
C) Inhalation
D) Skin inoculation
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Which stage do we search for in specimens to detect infection?
A) Infective stage
B) Developmental stage
C) Manner of transmission stage
D) Diagnostic stage
D) Diagnostic stage
In the diagnosis of amoebiasis, what is the preferred specimen for detecting diagnostic stages such as cysts or trophozoites?
A) Blood
B) Urine
C) Stool
D) Saliva
C) Stool
Which of the following parasites undergoes Heart to Lung migration?
A) Hookworms
B) Ascaris
C) Strongyloides
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Give the habitat, infective stage and mode of transmission of A. Lumbricoides
Habitat: small intestine
Infective stage: embryonated egg
Mode of transmission: ingestion of embryonated egg
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of T. Trichiura
Habitat: large intestine
Infective stage: egg with larva inside ready to hatch
Mode of transmission: ingestion of embryonated egg
Give the habitat, infective stage, mode of transmission of E. Vermicularis
Habitat: large intestine
Infective stage: embryonated egg
Mode of transmission: ingestion
Which helminth is ranked as the #1 worldwide?
A) Ascaris
B) Trichuris
C) Enterobius vermicularis
D) None of the above
C) Enterobius vermicularis
What term is used to describe an egg that contains fully developed larvae within its shell?
A) Oviparous
B) Viviparous
C) Embryonated
D) Ovoviviparous
C) Embryonated
Which of the following is the most common helminth worldwide?
A) Enterobius vermicularis (#1 helminth)
B) Ascaris (#2)
C) Trichuris (#3)
D) None of the above
A) Enterobius vermicularis (#1 helminth worldwide)
Which method is recommended for the diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis (E. Vermicularis) infection?
A) Blood test
B) Urine sample
C) Stool culture
D) Scotch tape swab
D) Scotch tape swab (collect at night or early morning before bath)
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of C. Philippinensis
Habitat: small intestine
Infective stage: ingestion of larva
Mode of transmission: ingestion of larva ff. Consumption of raw fishes
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of D. Medinensis
Habitat: subcutaneous tissues
Infective stage: ingestion of larva
Mode of transmission: ingestion of larva after consuming contaminated water
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of S. Stercoralis
Habitat: small intestine
Infective stage: filariform larva
Mode of transmission: skin penetration (dorsum of feet)
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of N. Americanus
Habitat: small intestine
Infective stage: filariform larva
Mode of transmission: skin penetration (dorsum of feet)
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of A. Duodenale
Habitat: small intestine
Infective stage: filariform larva
Mode of transmission: skin penetration (dorsum of feet)
Give the habitat, infective stage, and mode of transmission of T. Spiralis
Habitat: intestinal (adult:SI) & extraintestinal- larva: striated muscles-skeletal and cardiac
Infective stage: encysted larvae in muscle of definitive host
Mode of transmission: ingestion of encysted larva ff: consumption of inadequately cooked pork
