Types of feedback Flashcards
What is feedback?
Feedback involves using the information during or after the performance of a skill to alter how it was performed.
Why’s it important to give feedback?
Especially with novice athletes, you do not always know if you have made a mistake, so you must be told by a coach / teacher so you can improve before trying again.
What types of feedback are there?
Intrinsic/Internal feedback
Extrinsic/External feedback
Positive Feedback
Negative feedback
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
What is intrinsic feedback?
Involves information available to the performer that is internal or arising from sensory information (E.g. proprioceptors, nerve receptors)
“Did that feel right when I kicked that ball?”.
Advantages and disadvantages of intrinsic feedback:
+ves
Feedback occurs straight away, can be corrected immediately.
Performer doesn’t have to rely on others to provide feedback.
-ves
If in the cognitive stage, the performer may not understand the feedback.
Performer may not know how the skill should feel, so the feedback will be incorrect.
What is extrinsic feedback?
Feedback from external sources, e.g. Coach, Teacher, etc…
Shouldn’t be overused, as the performer may depend on it and ignore their internal feedback.
Advantages and disadvantages of extrinsic feedback:
+ves
Coach can give advice to help improve performance.
Info should be accurate as it will be coming from a qualified coach.
-ves
Inaccurate feedback can lead to negative transfer of skills.
Does not encourage the performer to learn for themselves and relies upon others.
What is positive feedback?
Information that is often extrinsic and rewards the performer via praise or positive comments.
Advantages and disadvantages of positive feedback:
+ves
Leads to positive reinforcement and builds strong S-R bonds.
Can be extremely motivating, especially for novices.
Can build self-esteem and confidence in the performer.
-ves
If undeserved, the performer may build an S-R bond when they shouldn’t have.
Some performers do not respond well to too much feedback and begin to ignore any feedback.
What is negative feedback?
Information about an unsuccessful outcome, often criticism, that can be used to build more successful strategies.
Advantages and disadvantages of negative feedback:
+ves
Can motivate a performer to succeed.
The performer will be clear about what they need to improve.
More useful for autonomous learners who require further refinement of skills.
-ves
Can be demotivating to the performer, especially if they are a novice.
This could be detrimental to the learning process if the feedback is inaccurate.
What is knowledge of results?
This feedback is external.
It is from either;
The performer seeing the result of their response… or;
The coach who saw the skill being performed.
E.g. A cricketer admiring their shots…
E.g. Watching where the ball goes from your free-kick
What is knowledge of performance?
Feedback about the pattern of movement that has or is still taking place.
Usually external, but can be internal if the performer is highly skilled and knows what a good performance feels like.
Analyse the effectiveness of negative feedback when used by expert performers.
Its good as it tells them what went wrong which allows the t improve their game however it can demotivate experts if overused and doesn’t tell them what they need to do, it just tells them what they are doing wrong.
Analyse the effectiveness of knowledge of performance when used by expert performers.
It helps them understand which part of the technique to repeat and if concurrent can adjust movement immediately, however, if feedback is inaccurate can be detrimental to performance and doesn’t inform the expert of the end result /outcome.
