Methods of manipulating skill practices.

Question 1

What is part practice?

Answer 1

Broken into subroutines→ skills can be practices separately

Eg. a tennis serve
The skill can be broken down into tossing the ball, the grip, how you stand, the swing of the racket, the contact of the ball and racket as well as the follow through.

Question 2

Advantages and disadvantages of part practice.

Answer 2

+ves
- good for low organisation skills.
- good for complete skills to break down and make it easier to understand.
- reduces information being
processed
- decreases risk of injury

-ves
- No kinesthetic sense
- May lack understanding, due to going really in depth detail
- Time consuming, work on every single skill to get right
- Once the skills put it back together, it can lack fluency .

Question 3

What is whole practice?

Answer 3

• Coach entire skill
• Don’t break down into subroutines.

Eg. sprinting
The skills are difficult to divide into subroutines and it would be the most beneficial method.

Question 4

Advantages and disadvantages of whole practice.

Answer 4

+ves
- Good for high organisation skills
- Develops a kinesthetic sense→ performer can self correct
- Near transfer → like what they will experience in the actual event
- Improves fluency
- Good for discrete skills.
- Good for quick learning.

-ves
- Not practical for beginners as they can get overburdened with this type of practice.
- Hard to isolate errors.
- Some skills are too dangerous.
- Time consuming

Question 5

What is the whole part whole practice?

Answer 5

Practised as a whole.
Detect errors then isolate them and practise the error in part.
Practice in whole again and confirm the errors have been protected.

Eg. A badminton serve
Practising it with no experience isn’t dangerous, so they practise
it, identify errors such as the
stance, correct it, then perform
with no errors.

Question 6

Advantages and disadvantages of whole part whole practice

Answer 6

+ves
- Benefits of both whole and part skills.
- Good for error detection.
- Detailed understanding of separate parts but also get the kinesthetic perspective of doing the whole movement.
- Good for those in the autonomous stage.

-ves
- Time consuming.
- Not good or groups as errors could be different.
- practical for beginners.

Question 7

What is progressive practice?

Answer 7

Part is isolated and practised. Take the next part and isolation + practice.
Then take the first and second
and practise them together.
(model of chaining)

Eg.
Practice skill A, leg kick in backstroke
Practice skill B, the arm movement in backstroke
Then practise them together
Practice skill C, the breathing
technique
Then practise together.

Question 8

Advantages and disadvantages of progressive practice

Answer 8

+ves
- Build relationships between
elements.
- Effective for serial skills.
- Routines.

-ves
- Time consuming.
- Continuous .
- Discreet.
- No overall kinesthetic sense.