Types of experiments

Question 1

True laboratory experiment

Answer 1

a) Determine whether a cause-and-effet relationship exists between two variables
b) IV manipulated by the researcher (Control)
c) Set in a laboratory
d) Can infer causation

Question 2

Advantage of true laboratory experiment

Answer 2

Avoid extraneous variables

a) Variables that might influence the behaviour of a participant

Question 3

Disadvantage of true laboratory experiment

Answer 3

Low ecological validity

a) Not reflects what happens in real life

Question 4

Independent variable

Answer 4

Manipulated variable that causes a change in other

Question 5

Dependent variable

Answer 5

Measured variable after the manipulation of the independent variable

Question 6

Control variables

Answer 6

Other variables must be exactly the same

Question 7

Key features of tru laboratory experiments

Answer 7

a) Operationalization
b) Standardization
c) Random allocation

Question 8

Operationalization

Answer 8

It is clear what is being measured

Question 9

Standardization

Answer 9

Procedures and results can be replicated by another researcher

Question 10

Random allocation

Answer 10

Participants have the same chance of being assigned to the experimental or control condition.

Question 11

Experimental hypothesis

Answer 11

Predicts the relationship between the IV and the DV

Question 12

Null hypothesis

Answer 12

States IV will have no effect on the DV

Question 13

Goal of testing experiments

Answer 13

a) Reject the null hypothesis

b) Accept the null hypothesis

Question 14

True field experiment

Answer 14

a) IV manipulated by the researcher
b) Set in real life context
c) Inference of causation with extraneous variables

Question 15

Disadvantages of true field experiments

Answer 15

a) Cannot control for extraneous variables

b) Cannot be easily replicated

Question 16

Ethical considerations of true field experiments

Answer 16

a) Not getting informed consent

b) Debriefing

Question 17

Quasi experiment

Answer 17

a) No manipulation of the IV
b) Set in laboratory
c) No inference of causation

Question 18

Distribution of participants into groups in quasi-experiments

Answer 18

No random allocation. Participants are group based on a trait or behavior

Question 19

Natural experiment (Subset of quasi-experiment)

Answer 19

a) IV is environmental in nature and outside of the control of the researcher
b) Set in real-life context
c) DV measured before and after the variable was introduced
d) No inference of causation

Question 20

Disadvantages of quasi experiments

Answer 20

a) Do not show direct causation

b) Influence of confounding or extraneous variables

Question 21

What to evaluate in an experiment

Answer 21

a) Extraneous variables
b) Participant variability
c) Demand characteristics
d) Artificiality
e) Researcher bias

Question 22

Extraneous variables

Answer 22

Undesirable variables that influence the relationship between the IV and DV

Question 23

Demand characteristics

Answer 23

Participants form an interpretation of the experiment’s purpose and subconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation

Question 24

Researcher bias

Answer 24

When the experimenter sees what he or she is looking for.

Question 25

Participant variability

Answer 25

Characteristics of the sample affect the DV.

a) Random sample
b) Random allocation of the participants

Question 26

Artificiality

Answer 26

Created situatio is so unlikely in real life

Question 27

Correlational studies

Answer 27

a) Collected data shows a relationship between two variables.
b) No cause-effect relationship can be determined

Question 28

Bidirectional ambiguity

Answer 28

Situation in which is impossible to know if x causes y, y causes x, or whether it is just coincidental.