Quantitative research

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

Measure of linear relationship between two variables

Question 2

Factors for testing correlation

Answer 2

a) Effect size

b) Statistical significance

Question 3

Effect size

Answer 3

Absolute value of the correlation coefficient (1 | -1) Cohen

Question 4

Statistical significance

Answer 4

Shows the likelihood that a correlation has been obtained by chance

Question 5

Reliability and correlation

Answer 5

a) Not a product of random chance

b) Reflection of the relationship between two variables

Question 6

Conventional cut-off points for statistical significance

Answer 6

a) Less than 5%

b) Replicated in at least 95 out of 100 independent samples drawn from the target population.

Question 7

Ideal correlation

Answer 7

a) Statistically significant

b) Large effect size

Question 8

Limitations of correlations

Answer 8

a) Not interpreted in terms of causation
b) Confounding variables
c) Non-linear relationships
d) Spurious correlations (Possibility of chance)

Question 9

Sampling strategies in correlational studies

Answer 9

a) Identification of target population
b) Sample is drawn from the population using random sampling
c) Representativity depends on sampling method.

Question 10

Credibility and bias in correlational studies

Answer 10

a) Variable measurement

b) Interpretation of findings.

Question 11

Positive correlation

Answer 11

As x increases, y increases

Question 12

Negative correlation

Answer 12

As x increases, y decreases