Types of experiment/sampling techniques

Question 1

True experiment (what, why, s/w)

Answer 1

What: Researcher manipulates one or more independent variables for the effect on the dependent variables
Why: Establishes cause and effect relationships
S/W: Not always natural experiments/behaviour generally ecologically valid

Question 2

Field experiment (what, why, s/w)

Answer 2

What: Experiment in real world settings
Why: For natural variables
S/W: Extraneous variables can come into play, more natural

Question 3

Quasi experiment (what, why, s/w)

Answer 3

What: Similar to a true experiment. Not randomly assigned
Why: To purposefully assign groups
S/W: Makes it tricky to establish cause/effect relationships, when random assignment is not feasible, built in people

Question 4

Natural experiment (what, why, s/w)

Answer 4

What: Where IV is not manipulated
Why: To see natural things, and when you can’t ethically do things
S/W: Useful when practical constraints prevent direct manipulation

Question 5

Correlational research (what, why, s/w)

Answer 5

-

Question 6

Random sampling

Answer 6

People are chosen at random, it doesn’t matter who they are

Question 6

Survey (what, why, s/w)

Answer 6

-

Question 7

Convenience sampling

Answer 7

The easiest people to the researchers are chosen, usually just people around

Question 8

Self selected/volunteer sampling

Answer 8

Participants nominate themselves to be a part of the experiment

Question 9

Snowball sampling

Answer 9

Researcher chooses a group of people, and that group of people find more people

Question 10

Stratified sampling

Answer 10

Participants are broken into groups on similar features, then a select sample are chosen from each group

Question 11

Correlational research (what, why, s/w)

Answer 11

What: The researcher does not manipulate the IV or DV
Why: Non experimental research
S/W: Can be useful when it is unethical, can be used to study real behaviour