Types Of Estim

Question 1

Iontophoresis

Answer 1

-mild DC drives charged ion into skin 6-20mm below skin
- effective on plantar fasciitis and inflamation
- active electrode get the medication
- dexamethasone- negative ion, inhibits response of inflammatory cells
-

Question 2

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Answer 2

1) sensory (high)- blocks pain by decreasing signals from Aδ and C fibers to the thalamus
2) motor (low)-
3) brief noxious-

Question 3

Sensory (high) TENS

Answer 3

Asymetrical Balanced Biphasic
ACUTE injuries
-Intensity- max without contraction
- Frequency- 60-100 pps
- Pulse Width- 60-100 μsec
- Duration- as needed
- Onset- <10 min
- Lasts- min to hour
uses gate control mechanism

Question 4

Motor (low) TENS

Answer 4

Asymetrical Balanced Biphasic
CHRONIC injuries 
- Intensity- to muscle twitch
- Frequency- 2-4 pps
- Pulse Width: 150-250 μsec
- Duration: 30 min
- Onset: 20-40 min
- Lasts: hours
uses gate control and descending pathways

Question 5

Noxious TENS

Answer 5

Asymetrical balanced biphasic
Intensity: uncomfortable + contraction
Frequency:  over 100 pps
Pulse Width: 300-1000 μsec
Duration: 15-30 min
Onset: <30 
utilizes endogenous opiate mechanism

Question 6

Interferential Current (IFC)

Answer 6

crosses 2 different currents to create a 3rd “beat frequency”
Channel 1: 4000-5000 Hz
Channel 2: <Channel 1
Beat Frequency: =Ch1 - Ch2
Duration: 15-30 min
Intensity- tolerable sensory or muscle twitch

Question 7

Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation (MENS)

Answer 7

uses micro-amerage current 
theory- low current levels are closer to bodies, MAY assist healing/pain
Current: monophasic, biphasic, DC, AC
Current Flow: 1-999 μ amps
Frequency: 0.1-1000 Hz
Pulse Duration: 0.5-5000 μsec

Question 8

Russian

Answer 8

Carrier Frequency: 2500-5000 hZ
Frequency: 30-60pps
Intensity: visible contraction
Ramp: 1:5, 1:3
Treatment: 15-20

Question 9

ESTIM for muscle spasm

Answer 9

GOal: induce involuntary tetanic contraction
Bipolar/ target motor points
Pulse Rate: 5-60pps
Intensity: visible contraction
Duty Cycle: 10 sec on/ 10 off
Ramp: 1-2 sec on/ 1-2 sec off
Time: 10-20 min

Question 10

High Volt Pulsed Current

Answer 10

Frequency: 120 pps
Intensity: sensory only, no contraction
Polarity: cathode (-) over injury
Duration: 4x30

Question 11

Biphasic for Contraction

Answer 11

Frequency: 1-200 pps
Phase Duration: 20-300 μsec
Intrapulse: 100 μsec
intensity- contraction
burst duty cycle: 40-50%
On/off duty cycle: 1:5
Ramp: 1-3