Types of Energy and Their Uses

Question 1

system

Answer 1

the chemical components involved in a process

the component

whatever you are examining

Question 2

surroundings

Answer 2

everything outside the system

whatever is coming in contact with the system

Question 3

exothermic reaction

Answer 3

negative

A reaction that releases heat into its surroundings

the reactants are more than the products

keywords: produces, releases

Question 4

endothermic reaction

Answer 4

positive

A process or chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings

the reactants are less than the products

keywords: absorbs,

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

the ability of a substance to move or do work

Question 6

potential energy

Answer 6

an object that has the ability to move in the future

the energy owned by an object for the reason of its position

For example a yoyo before it is released, a car that is parked at the top of a hill

Sound, heat, and light are not easily classified as this

Question 7

kinetic energy

Answer 7

the energy of an object in respect to its motion

example, a fan circulation on a warm day, a glass shattering on the floor after it falls from the counter

Truth, peace, and justice are not examples of this

Question 8

radiant energy

Answer 8

the energy that is transferred by electromagnetic radiation

example the warmth that radiants form a hot stove, warmth from the sun

Question 9

chemical energy

Answer 9

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds

energy is released when a chemical reaction takes place, and once the energy is released, the substance is transformed into a whole new substance

the energy necessary to keep atoms joined by chemical bonds

Explosives - as explosives go off, chemical energy stored in the explosive is transferred into sound energy

Placing a metal pole outside in the sunlight is not an example of this

Question 10

law of conservation of energy

Answer 10

the law that energy can be neither created nor destroyed but may be converted from one form to another

Question 11

temperature

Answer 11

the measure of average kinetic energy of the particles

Question 12

heat

Answer 12

is thermal energy transferred from one substance to another substance with a lower temperature

Question 13

specific heat capacity

Answer 13

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree or one Kelvin

this is more specific to size amount compared to heat capacity

Question 14

heat capacity

Answer 14

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree celsius or one kelvin

Question 15

thermal equalibrium

Answer 15

if we have two objects that are different temperatures connected, eventually they will be the same temperature

when two objects are in contact, heat travels from the warmer object to the colder object until their temperatures are the same

this is when if you connect two bodies by a pipe and no heat will flow between them

for example, if a carton of milk is set on a kitchen countertop, the two objects are in thermal contact. After several hours their temperatures will become the same so they are in thermal equalibrium

Question 16

what is an equation that calculates quantities of heat

Answer 16

q=mc delta t
Q=quantity of heat in joules
m=mass of the substance in grams
c=specfic heat capacity always given the triple J/g times C
delta t= difference in final temperature to the initial temperature in celsius

Question 17

thermochemical equation formula

Answer 17

ni/nf=deltaHi/deltaH2

ni= mols given in the equation

nf=mols given in the word problem

H=change in enthalpy

H2=n2 multiplied by H1/n1

Question 18

enthalpy

Answer 18

the heat content of a system

every substance involved in a chemical reaction or a physical process has a particular heat content

Question 19

calorimetry

Answer 19

used to measure the amount of heat transferred to a form a substance

qsystem=-qsurroundings

heat of the system is always the opposite sign of heat of the surroundings

Question 20

diatomic molecule acronym

Answer 20

HONClBrIF

Question 21

Hess’s law

Answer 21

the enthalpy change for any reaction depends only on the products and the reactants and is independent of the pathway or the number of steps between the reactant and the product

According to Hess’s law since, we’re adding equations one and two to get equation three, the enthalpy change and the answer is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the equations you’re adding up

key takeaway: using enthalpy change of other reactants to predict the enthalpy change of a new reaction

Question 22

heat calculation steps

Answer 22

1. state what is given, and convert the given variables accordingly keeping in mind that mass is in g, specific heat is in J/g C, the change in temperature is in celsius, q or change in h is in J
2. use formula q=mc change in t, rearrange the equation if needed and in the numbers
3. put the answer in scientific notation

Question 23

thermochemical equation steps mols to grams

Answer 23

use the chart method

Question 24

thermochemical equation steps mols given

Answer 24

1. underline the element you’re focusing on, then state what is given
2. use the formula n1/n2=change in h1/change in h2 where n1 is the mols in the equation, n2 is the mols in the word problem, change in h1 is the delta h given, and change in h2 is the quantity you’re trying to find
3. cross multiply to make it look stoichiometric
4. round final answer to scientific notation

Question 25

thermochemical equation steps grams to mols

Answer 25

1. state what is given
2. convert grams to mols by diving the mass by the molar mass using the chart technique, then multiply the delta h given by the mols given in the equation
3. round final answer in scientific notation

Question 26

formation of magnesium oxide reaction progress

Answer 26

the reactants are more than the products

Question 27

simple decomposition of liquid water reaction progress

Answer 27

the products are less than the reactants

Question 28

molar heat

Answer 28

the temperature of one mole of a substance by one Celsius degree or one kelvin’

molar heat capacity=specific capacity multiplied by molar mass

Question 29

calorimeter

Answer 29

a tool used the measure the enthalpy change of a chemical or physical reaction

it works by insulating a system from its surroundings. by measuring the temperature change of the system, you can measure the amount of heat that is released or absorbed by the reaction