Chemical Equilibrium

Question 1

what is an irreversible

Answer 1

reactions in which the reactants convert to products and where the products cannot convert back to the reactants

Question 2

what is a reversible

Answer 2

a reaction where the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur at the same time

has double arrows

Question 3

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 3

the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 4

closed system

Answer 4

the reactant and the products can’t leave or enter the system

reactants and products are trapped inside

Question 5

favourable (an advantage) change

Answer 5

change that has a natural tendency to happen under certain conditions

Question 6

entropy

Answer 6

the degree of disorder

Question 7

what does spontaneous mean?

Answer 7

the reaction will take place

Question 8

non-spontaneous

Answer 8

the reaction will not take place

Question 9

what happens if the quotient equals the equilibrium constant

Answer 9

this means the system is in equilibrium

Question 10

if the quotient is greater than the equilibrium constant

Answer 10

the system attains equilibrium by moving to the left, favouring the reactants

Question 11

when the quotient is less than the equilibrium constant

Answer 11

the system attains equilibrium by moving to the right, favouring the products

Question 12

when the quotient is greater than the equilibrium constant

Answer 12

the system reaches equilibrium by moving toward the reactants and moving towards the left

Question 13

when the quotient is equal to the equilibrium constant

Answer 13

the system is at equilibrium

Question 14

le chatelier principle

Answer 14

if a system at equilibrium is subjected to external stress, the equilibrium will shift as to minimize that stress.

external stress, in this case is a change in temperature, a change in pressure, a change in volume, or a change in concentration

Question 15

when there is a decrease in volume and an increase in pressure which direction will the equilibrium shift?

Answer 15

system moves to the side with less moles

Question 16

when there is an increase in volume and decrease in pressure which direction will the equilibrium shift

Answer 16

system move to the side with more moles

Question 17

when the concentration of element goes up

Answer 17

the system shifts in the opposite direction

Question 18

when concentration of element goes down which direction will the equilibrium shift?

Answer 18

the system moves in that same direction to make up for the concentration lost

Question 19

when the reactants go down what happens to the products?

Answer 19

the products are used up

Question 20

when the products go down what other change happens to the equilibrium system?

Answer 20

the reactants are used up

Question 21

whats happens to equilibrium when there is an equal number of gas moles on each side?

Answer 21

there is no change in the position of equilibrium since changes, such as pressure or volume, affect each side equally, therefore it doesn’t cause a concentration to by higher than the other and there is no shift

Question 22

what happens to equilibrium when there is an addition of an inert gas to a system at a constant volume

Answer 22

does not change the shift of the equilibrium

Question 23

which side does an increase in temperature favour

Answer 23

will favour the reactant side, because this side will absorb heat and balance out the increase in temperature

Question 24

what side does a decrease in temperature favour

Answer 24

will favour the product side, an exothermic reaction

Question 25

describe the equilibrium shift when the equilibrium constant is greater than 1

Answer 25

products are favoured so the reaction shifts to the right

Question 26

describe the equilibrium shift when the equilibrium constant is less than 1

Answer 26

the reactant is favoured so the system shifts to the left

Question 27

describe the equilibrium shift when the equilibrium constant is greater than 1 times 10^10

Answer 27

reaction goes into completion when the products don’t go back to the reactants, only a forward reaction

Question 28

describe the equilibrium shift when the equilibrium constant is less than 1 times 10^-10

Answer 28

the reaction will not take place

Question 29

the meaning of a small equilibrium constant

Answer 29

when keq is small compared with the intial, the value of the initial minus x is equal to the initial concentration and the x is ignored

Question 30

equilibrium constant (Keq)

Answer 30

the ratio of the mathematical product of the concentrations of the products of a reaction to the concentrations of the reactants of the reaction. Each concentration is raised to the power of its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation

Keq=[C}^c [D]^d[A]^a [B}^b

Question 31

partial pressure formula

Answer 31

concentration of the products over concentration of reactants, no square brackets, used when every element in a reaction is a gas

Question 32

law of chemical equilibrium

Answer 32

in a chemical system at equilibrium, there is a constant ratio between the concentration of products and the reactants

(the concentration of the reactants and products equal some constant)