Types of Data Flashcards
What is qualitative data? What is quantitative data? - Data
Qualitative data is data made up of non-numerical information, often in the form of first hand accounts, statements and articles.
Quantitative data is numerical information which can be interpreted to give factual interpretations of a place.
What is a firstspace representation? - Data
Firstspace representation is the understanding of a place through quantitative analysis and data.
What is secondspace representation? - Data
Secondspace representation is subjective accounts of personal experience of a place through qualitative analysis.
What is thirdspace representation? - Data
Thirdspace representation is the understanding of a place through both qualitative and quantitative data.
What type of data are statistics? What are the advantages/disadvantages of this source? - Data
Quantitative
+ve: can compare data over time/between places, objective (factual) data, legally has to be completed.
-ve: data often chosen selectively to prove a certain point, doesn’t show a sense of place.
What are statistics? Give an example of statistics - Data
Statistics provide detail of demographic characteristics of a place. Often seen in large scale data sets to compare areas of the population.
An example is a census/large scale opinion poll.
What type of data are maps? What are advantages and disadvantages of this source? - Data
Maps are Quantitative and Qualitative.
+ve: have educational qualities, often show accurate depictions of land masses. Some maps show data eg. Levels of happiness.
-ve: maps are often biased towards certain areas, with Europe enlarged by current Mercator maps.
What are maps? Give an example - Data
Maps are sources which show the location of places with regard to other places.
Examples are Google Maps, Road Maps and the Mercator Map.
What type of data is counter mapping? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Counter mapping is qualitative data.
+ve: strongly represents a sense of place and public (often local) opinion about a certain place.
-ve: can potentially be wrong or geographically inaccurate/biased towards a certain place.
What is counter mapping? Give an example - Data
Counter mapping is where local people produce maps which they have made to provide insight/information about a certain place.
An example is a map of Spitalfields produced by a local resident showing local contributors to the area.
What type of data is biomapping? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Quantitative
+ve: an efficient and scientifically proven way of showing response to a place and measuring sense of place.
-ve: emotional feeling about a place is not uniform. It is subjective and varies between people.
What is biomapping? Give examples of this - Data
Biomapping is the production of data measuring the emotional response of a person to a certain place (using their BPM).
An example is the experiment done on a man in London and at the coast, measuring his emotional response.
What type of data are interviews? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: informal interviews are more personal and can result in a very personal and individual response to questions.
-ve: pre-set interviews can be biased as answer can be created to respond to these. There is also potential for interview bias.
What are interviews? What are examples of these? - Data
Interviews are when individuals are questioned to give a response and insight into a place.
An example is a TV News interview, asking questions of ordinary people on the street.
What type of data are photographs? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: usually reliable, showing unfiltered and accurate representations of a place’s appearance.
-ve: photos can be edited/selected to present a place in a certain manner, and therefore not wholly representative of a place.
What are photographs? Give an example - Data
Photographs are images captured by people of a place to show its appearance.
Examples are photos of a place.
What type of data are textual sources? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: often created as a result of personal lived experiences of a place, which is more reliable than word of mouth experience.
-ve: may show biased opinions of a reporter/particular newspaper.
What are textual sources? Give examples - Data
Textual sources are written representations which describes how it feels to be in a certain place.
Examples are novels/articles/media about a place.
What type of data is poetry? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: can evoke a strong mood/feeling about a place through use or language and tone. Usually formed by personal experience.
-ve: may be biased/unrepresentative of majority of views about a place.
What is poetry? Give an example - Data
Poetry is writing which describes and evokes a sense of place through content and tone.
Wordsworth’s poetry about the Lake District is an example.
What type of data is music? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: gives emotional representation of a place
-ve: only gives one point of view for representation
What is music? Give an example of this - Data
Music evokes a sense of place through style of music associated with a certain place or through lyrics. Alicia Keys (Empire State of Mind), Ed Sheehan (Castle on the Hill).
What type of data is TV/Film? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: can lead to positive sense of place being developed due to positive depiction.
-ve: can lead to hugely negative depictions of a place and poor representation of a place.
What is TV/Film? Give examples of this - Data
Representations of place in TV/Film can strongly influence representation of place.
Peaky Blinders, Poldark, Game of Thrones, Eastenders.
What type of data is Art? What are advantages and disadvantages of this?
Qualitative
+ve: allows an artist to create a sense of place through its character/how it is displayed. Can also be representative of culture of a place.
-ve: can have subjective bias involved, damaging the credibility of the representation. Can be inaccurate.
What examples are there of art representing sense of place? - Data
Art of Saltaire/Countryside/the Stray.
What type of data is graffiti? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: presents customs and culture within a place, especially an urban area. Fills gaps left by mainstream media outlets.
-ve: seen by some as an illegal form of art which defaces public spaces.
What is graffiti? What examples are there of this? - Data
Graffiti is artwork illicitly placed on a wall or surface, intended to give a voice to those not represented in mainstream media.
An example is the work of Banksy/football murals in Leeds.
What type of data is place and architecture? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data
Qualitative
+ve: can show character/culture/customs in a place.
-ve: architect assessments are subjective, gentrification can lead to poorer residents being forced from an area by higher property prices.
How does place and architecture show sense of place? Give examples - Data
Architecture creates a sense of place within an area, as well as outlining the sustainability/health of an area.
Brick Lane, the Jamme Masjid Mosque.
What is Big Data? - Data
Big Data is a data set which is large-scale in terms of size of data, number of responses and variety of categories.
What are the 3 different definitions of big data? - Data
Volume of data, speed of data collection, digital footprint (the by-product of the collection of data).
What can big data be used for? - Data
Tracks people’s habits on shopping, online interactions, data about their lifestyles, demographic data etc.
What is deprivation? - Data
Deprivation is the lack or denial of something considered a necessity.
What issues exist around big data? - Data
Predictions made as a result of big data are only as good as the data collected. Also, there are issues surrounding people’s privacy.
What are the 7 measures of multiple deprivation? - Data
Income, employment, education, health, crime, housing/services, living environment.
What positives are there of the Index of Multiple Deprivation? - Data
Compares small areas within England, identifies enclaves of deprivation, measures made up of multiples forms of deprivation, ranks each area against each other and into 10 deciles.
What negatives are there of the Index of Multiple Deprivation? - Data
Doesn’t say how affluent a place is, is not proportional (eg. areas in the 2nd decile aren’t 2x less deprived than in the first decile). Doesn’t identify individual deprived areas.
What do the colours red and green show on the IMD? - Data
Red indicates a severely deprived area, with green indicating an area which is not deprived.
