Types of Data

Question 1

What is qualitative data? What is quantitative data? - Data

Answer 1

Qualitative data is data made up of non-numerical information, often in the form of first hand accounts, statements and articles.
Quantitative data is numerical information which can be interpreted to give factual interpretations of a place.

Question 2

What is a firstspace representation? - Data

Answer 2

Firstspace representation is the understanding of a place through quantitative analysis and data.

Question 3

What is secondspace representation? - Data

Answer 3

Secondspace representation is subjective accounts of personal experience of a place through qualitative analysis.

Question 4

What is thirdspace representation? - Data

Answer 4

Thirdspace representation is the understanding of a place through both qualitative and quantitative data.

Question 5

What type of data are statistics? What are the advantages/disadvantages of this source? - Data

Answer 5

Quantitative
+ve: can compare data over time/between places, objective (factual) data, legally has to be completed.
-ve: data often chosen selectively to prove a certain point, doesn’t show a sense of place.

Question 6

What are statistics? Give an example of statistics - Data

Answer 6

Statistics provide detail of demographic characteristics of a place. Often seen in large scale data sets to compare areas of the population.
An example is a census/large scale opinion poll.

Question 7

What type of data are maps? What are advantages and disadvantages of this source? - Data

Answer 7

Maps are Quantitative and Qualitative.
+ve: have educational qualities, often show accurate depictions of land masses. Some maps show data eg. Levels of happiness.
-ve: maps are often biased towards certain areas, with Europe enlarged by current Mercator maps.

Question 8

What are maps? Give an example - Data

Answer 8

Maps are sources which show the location of places with regard to other places.
Examples are Google Maps, Road Maps and the Mercator Map.

Question 9

What type of data is counter mapping? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 9

Counter mapping is qualitative data.
+ve: strongly represents a sense of place and public (often local) opinion about a certain place.
-ve: can potentially be wrong or geographically inaccurate/biased towards a certain place.

Question 10

What is counter mapping? Give an example - Data

Answer 10

Counter mapping is where local people produce maps which they have made to provide insight/information about a certain place.
An example is a map of Spitalfields produced by a local resident showing local contributors to the area.

Question 11

What type of data is biomapping? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 11

Quantitative
+ve: an efficient and scientifically proven way of showing response to a place and measuring sense of place.
-ve: emotional feeling about a place is not uniform. It is subjective and varies between people.

Question 12

What is biomapping? Give examples of this - Data

Answer 12

Biomapping is the production of data measuring the emotional response of a person to a certain place (using their BPM).
An example is the experiment done on a man in London and at the coast, measuring his emotional response.

Question 13

What type of data are interviews? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 13

Qualitative
+ve: informal interviews are more personal and can result in a very personal and individual response to questions.
-ve: pre-set interviews can be biased as answer can be created to respond to these. There is also potential for interview bias.

Question 14

What are interviews? What are examples of these? - Data

Answer 14

Interviews are when individuals are questioned to give a response and insight into a place.
An example is a TV News interview, asking questions of ordinary people on the street.

Question 15

What type of data are photographs? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 15

Qualitative
+ve: usually reliable, showing unfiltered and accurate representations of a place’s appearance.
-ve: photos can be edited/selected to present a place in a certain manner, and therefore not wholly representative of a place.

Question 16

What are photographs? Give an example - Data

Answer 16

Photographs are images captured by people of a place to show its appearance.
Examples are photos of a place.

Question 17

What type of data are textual sources? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 17

Qualitative
+ve: often created as a result of personal lived experiences of a place, which is more reliable than word of mouth experience.
-ve: may show biased opinions of a reporter/particular newspaper.

Question 18

What are textual sources? Give examples - Data

Answer 18

Textual sources are written representations which describes how it feels to be in a certain place.
Examples are novels/articles/media about a place.

Question 19

What type of data is poetry? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 19

Qualitative
+ve: can evoke a strong mood/feeling about a place through use or language and tone. Usually formed by personal experience.
-ve: may be biased/unrepresentative of majority of views about a place.

Question 20

What is poetry? Give an example - Data

Answer 20

Poetry is writing which describes and evokes a sense of place through content and tone.
Wordsworth’s poetry about the Lake District is an example.

Question 21

What type of data is music? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 21

Qualitative
+ve: gives emotional representation of a place
-ve: only gives one point of view for representation

Question 22

What is music? Give an example of this - Data

Answer 22

Music evokes a sense of place through style of music associated with a certain place or through lyrics.
Alicia Keys (Empire State of Mind), Ed Sheehan (Castle on the Hill).

Question 23

What type of data is TV/Film? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 23

Qualitative
+ve: can lead to positive sense of place being developed due to positive depiction.
-ve: can lead to hugely negative depictions of a place and poor representation of a place.

Question 24

What is TV/Film? Give examples of this - Data

Answer 24

Representations of place in TV/Film can strongly influence representation of place.
Peaky Blinders, Poldark, Game of Thrones, Eastenders.

Question 25

What type of data is Art? What are advantages and disadvantages of this?

Answer 25

Qualitative
+ve: allows an artist to create a sense of place through its character/how it is displayed. Can also be representative of culture of a place.
-ve: can have subjective bias involved, damaging the credibility of the representation. Can be inaccurate.

Question 26

What examples are there of art representing sense of place? - Data

Answer 26

Art of Saltaire/Countryside/the Stray.

Question 27

What type of data is graffiti? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 27

Qualitative
+ve: presents customs and culture within a place, especially an urban area. Fills gaps left by mainstream media outlets.
-ve: seen by some as an illegal form of art which defaces public spaces.

Question 28

What is graffiti? What examples are there of this? - Data

Answer 28

Graffiti is artwork illicitly placed on a wall or surface, intended to give a voice to those not represented in mainstream media.
An example is the work of Banksy/football murals in Leeds.

Question 29

What type of data is place and architecture? What are advantages and disadvantages of this? - Data

Answer 29

Qualitative
+ve: can show character/culture/customs in a place.
-ve: architect assessments are subjective, gentrification can lead to poorer residents being forced from an area by higher property prices.

Question 30

How does place and architecture show sense of place? Give examples - Data

Answer 30

Architecture creates a sense of place within an area, as well as outlining the sustainability/health of an area.
Brick Lane, the Jamme Masjid Mosque.

Question 31

What is Big Data? - Data

Answer 31

Big Data is a data set which is large-scale in terms of size of data, number of responses and variety of categories.

Question 32

What are the 3 different definitions of big data? - Data

Answer 32

Volume of data, speed of data collection, digital footprint (the by-product of the collection of data).

Question 33

What can big data be used for? - Data

Answer 33

Tracks people’s habits on shopping, online interactions, data about their lifestyles, demographic data etc.

Question 34

What is deprivation? - Data

Answer 34

Deprivation is the lack or denial of something considered a necessity.

Question 35

What issues exist around big data? - Data

Answer 35

Predictions made as a result of big data are only as good as the data collected. Also, there are issues surrounding people’s privacy.

Question 36

What are the 7 measures of multiple deprivation? - Data

Answer 36

Income, employment, education, health, crime, housing/services, living environment.

Question 37

What positives are there of the Index of Multiple Deprivation? - Data

Answer 37

Compares small areas within England, identifies enclaves of deprivation, measures made up of multiples forms of deprivation, ranks each area against each other and into 10 deciles.

Question 38

What negatives are there of the Index of Multiple Deprivation? - Data

Answer 38

Doesn’t say how affluent a place is, is not proportional (eg. areas in the 2nd decile aren’t 2x less deprived than in the first decile). Doesn’t identify individual deprived areas.

Question 39

What do the colours red and green show on the IMD? - Data

Answer 39

Red indicates a severely deprived area, with green indicating an area which is not deprived.