Meaning and Representation

Question 1

What is a closed question? What is an open question? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 1

A closed question is a question with a yes/no answer. A FACTUAL answer. An open question is a question which encourages a longer, more developed answer. A person is not guided to a particular answer and conveys more info.

Question 2

What is a classificatory question? Are these usually open or closed questions? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 2

A classificatory question is one which provides a factual answer to a question. These are usually closed questions.

Question 3

What is an attitudinal question? Are these usually open or closed questions? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 3

An attitudinal question is a question focussing on opinions or attitudes towards a question or issue. Usually an open question.

Question 4

What are problems associated with poorly worded/organised interview questions? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 4

Leading questions may unintentionally sway interviewees, ambiguous questions can take the interview in unintended directions.

Question 5

What is sampling? What care must be taken with the size of a sample? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 5

Sampling is the process of interviewing a small section of people to form conclusions about a wider set of people. Sampling must interview a sufficient number of people for strong conclusions.

Question 6

What is random sampling? What is stratified sampling? What are problems with each method? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 6

Random sampling is when subjects are chosen randomly, so there is no bias in theory. However, can be biased in practicality.
Stratified sampling is when subjects are grouped and then sampled in proportion to an external factor such as group size (eg. If there are 30 men, 20 women and 10 children then 3 men, 2 women and 1 child would be interviewed.

Question 7

What is systematic sampling? What are problems with this method? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 7

Systematic sampling is when a set system for choosing subjects is adopted, with subjects chosen periodically, avoiding bias. However, the system can fail if a subject doesn’t want to be interviewed.

Question 8

What is cluster sampling? What are problems with this method? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 8

Cluster sampling is when a population is divided into pre-existing clusters, with samples chosen from these clusters randomly or systematically. Risks ignoring certain portions of the demographic if done randomly.

Question 9

How can music represent place? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 9

Music can represent place as its style can represent a certain culture or demographic, whilst lyrics can represent a lived experience of a place.

Question 10

How can art represent a place? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 10

Art can represent a place through its style, which may represent the culture of the area, whilst its depictions can show the character of an area or what may be experienced in an area.

Question 11

What problems can there be with representations shown by art and music? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 11

These depictions can result in areas being poorly thought of by those whose only experience of a place is through them. Can also be overly biased as a result of personal attachment to a place.

Question 12

What is a formal representation? What is an informal representation? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 12

A formal representation is an objective representation based on fact, created by an official organisation.
An informal representation is a subjective representation based on opinion and feeling, not commissioned by an official body.

Question 13

What examples are there of formal/informal/both representations? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 13

Formal: census, school results, health statistics, IMD, crime statistics
Informal: music, art, photos, graffiti, architecture, videos, novels, poetry
Both: newspapers, tv, interviews, radio, websites, film, Twitter.

Question 14

How do word clouds show people’s lived experience? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 14

Word clouds show words that people have associated with a place, with larger words on the word cloud being ones that people have more commonly used to describe a place.

Question 15

What advantages and disadvantages are there of using a word cloud in terms of data collection? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 15

+: Word clouds are easy to compile by entering words into a website, only require individual words from interviewees to be entered.
-: Not representative of the whole population, can marginalise the views of those not commonly used.

Question 16

What advantages and disadvantages are there of using a word cloud in terms of data analysis? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 16

+: Shows a broadly proportional view of what people feel about a place, clear to see what views are more commonly held.
-: The size of words is not fully proportional to the number of times they are used, only one word responses can be given, it doesn’t tell you how many times a word was used.

Question 17

Give examples of endogenous factors which impact the character of a place - Meaning and Representation

Answer 17

Topography, land use, demographic characteristics, physical geography, buildings/landmarks, infrastructure, economic characteristics.

Question 18

How do the topography and physical geography influence the character of Harrogate? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 18

Topography: hilly rural surroundings contrast with a flat town centre.
Physical: The Stray, Pinewoods, Valley Gardens, Birk Crag, Almscliffe Crag all notable natural features around Harrogate.

Question 19

How do Infrastructure and the Built Environment contribute to the character of Harrogate? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 19

Infrastructure: A1 (M) approx 6 miles East of Harrogate town centre, 12 miles north of LBA, buses and trains link to Leeds and York.
Built environment: housing revolves around town centre, art galleries, museums, schools, Harrogate International Centre.

Question 20

What is a congested place? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 20

A congested place is a place where conflict/tension has arisen due to the inability of different players to agree on how it should be managed, used or represented.

Question 21

What are the 4 levels of conflict in ascending levels of scale? - Meaning and Representation

Answer 21

Community, local, regional, national

Question 22

Describe what could constitute community conflict and local conflict - Meaning and Representation

Answer 22

Community - low level tension between neighbours/individuals in a small area.
Local - turf wars in cities over land between rival gangs.

Question 23

Describe what could constitute regional and national conflict - Meaning and Representation

Answer 23

Regional - negative portrayals of an area in the media can lead to conflict and anger between regions.
National - high level tension in the form of war between nations or nationalism meaning areas want independence from other places.