Types of data

Question 1

Define sampling

Answer 1

• Select a sample from the population

Generalise conclusions from the sample to the population

Question 2

Explain the types of data

Answer 2

there two main types
- categorical and numerical

• these are then divided into two sub branches for each

categorical sub branches
- nominal and ordinal

• numerical sub branches
• Interval and ratio

Question 3

Define nominal data

Answer 3

• is a type of data that is used to label variables without providing any quantitative value. It is the simplest form of a scale of measure
  
  • Qualitative, descriptive, non-numerical
  • Blood type, zip code, male or female

Question 4

Define Ordinal data

Answer 4

• Observations can take a value that can be logically ranked
  
  • Ordinal data is a kind of categorical data with a set order or scale to it
  • Difference between rankings not always consistent
  • E.g. rank in 100m race, PA levels

Question 5

Define categorical variables

Answer 5

• Qualitative, non - numerical
  
  • Can be assigned a value that describe quality or characteristic of data
  • e.g. what type
  • Can only be in one category
  • Can be nominal or ordinal

Question 6

Define Interval data

Answer 6

• Numeric, with equal differences between points on the scale, but no true zero so cannot express relative differences between units
  
  • 10 degrees + 10 degrees = 20 degrees. But 20 degrees is not twice as hot as 10 degrees because there is no such thing as no temperature when it comes to the Celsius scale

Question 7

Define ratio data

Answer 7

• Numeric, with equal differences between points on the scale and a true zero
  
  • e.g. weight, can say that 100 kg is double 50 kg
    Ratio data can be multiplied and divide

Question 8

Define quantitative variables

Answer 8

• Meaningful numeric value
  
  • Values that describe a measurable quantity
  • e.g. how many or how much
  • Can be continuous or discrete

Question 9

Define categorical data

Answer 9

Categorical variables represent types of data which may be divided into groups

Question 10

Define numerical data

Answer 10

Numerical data is a type of data that expresses information in the form of numbers.

Question 11

Define continous

Answer 11

data that can take any value within a range

Question 12

Define discrete

Answer 12

Discrete data is information that can only take certain values

Question 13

What are the 3 basic modalities of measurement

Answer 13

Self-report
Physiological measurement
Behavioural measurement

Question 14

Define self-report data

Answer 14

Participants describe their behaviour or express opinions in interviews or questionnaires

Question 15

Define behavioral measures

Answer 15

Behaviours that can be observed and measured