Types of conformity 😗 Flashcards
What is social influence?
Process by which an individuals attitudes, behaviours and beliefs are modified by the prescence/ actions of another.
What is conformity?
Change in belief/behaviour to fit in with majority influence.
What are the 3 types of conformity?
Introduced my Kelman (1958)
Compliance
Identification
Internalisation
Describe the 3 types of conformity
Compliance—>when the individual agrees in public but disagrees in private to gain social approval. Does not lead to change in private beliefs and is temporary.
Identification—–> Individual takes viewpoints of groups as group is admired. Does not necessarily lead to change of private beliefs.
Internalisation—–> Fully accepted groups views and changed private beliefs and attidtudes.
What are the reasons for conformity?
Deutsch and Gerald (1958) Porposed two process theory:
* Normative social influence : need to be liked
* Informational solcial influence : need to be right
What is NSI?
When a person conforms to be accepted into group and avoid social rejection.
Emotional process as it concerns peoples behaviour.
Leads to public compliance/no change in private attitudes as behaviour is only changed to be liked.
What is ISI?
When a person conforms to gain knowledge as they believe that the group is right.
Cognitive process
Leads to public and private acceptance of groups beliefs (internalisation) as they believe they are correct.
Strength for ISI (guy that got kicked out of NCT)
Evaluation of explanations of conformity.
Lucas et al (2006)
Students given easy and difficult maths question. Greater conformity in harder questions suggesting that students conform when unsure of answer as they believe others to be correct as they have more knowledge.
Shows that ISI shapes social behaviours —> strenghtens validity as explanation for conformity.
Strength of ISI (RASICM ✊🏽)
Evalution of explanation of conformity
Witterbrink and Henley (1996) found that PPTs exposed to negative stereotypes of African Americans (which was said to be the majority viewpoint) later reported more negative attitudes from african americans.
ISI created a shift in judgement thus strengthening ISI as a valid explanation for conformity.
Strength with Schultz the environmentalist
Evaluation of the explanations of conformity.
Schultz (2008)
Changes of behaviour in positive way, data gathered from 132 hotels and 794 hotel.
Controlled groups were informed that resuing towels had environmental benefits.
Experimental group were told that 75% of guests choose to resue their towels. Guests reduced their needs for towels by 25% compared to controlled group.
NSI —> wanted to be deemed socially acceptable
Weakness involving Asch Ketchum (PIKACHU I CHOOSE YOU⚡️)
Evaluation of the explanations of conformity.
Some argue that conformity is both NSI and ISI.
In Asch’s study conformity decreased when someone else went against the majority view.
Dissenter reduces power of NSI (goes against social standing) and ISI (as the PPTs saw him as correct)
Weakness as they were seen as two diffferent entities.
