Types of Chemicals Flashcards
a hydrocarbon whose molecules have a closed ring structure
cyclic (hydrocarbon)
a polymer that can be bent or twisted by an outside force and return to its previous shape once the force is removed
elastomer
a hydrocarbon that contains carbon-carbon double or triple bonds
unsaturated (hydrocarbon)
a covalently bonded molecule that does not possess a dipole moment because of the arrangement of its atoms
non-polar molecule
a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bonded to each formula unit
hydrate
a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (general formula CnH2n-2)
alkyne
an insoluble solid formed by a chemical reaction between two soluble compounds
precipitate
chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms
halocarbon
an unstable isotope of an element
radioisotope
a hydrocarbon (often a derivative of benzene) with a stable cyclic, planar structure
aromatic (compound)
a substance that has other substances dissolved in it
solvent
compounds that have the same formula but different arrangements of atoms around a fixed carbon-carbon double bond
geometric isomers (also called cis-trans iosmers)
a hydrocarbon that consists of chains or non-aromatic rings whose carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen or carbon atoms
saturated (hydrocarbon)
an acid formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and one other acid
oxoacid or oxyacid
a substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles and retain the same properties
element
atoms of an element that are chemically similar but have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers
isotopes
a proton that is bonded to a water molecule (chemical formula H3O+)
hydronium ion
water with a low concentration of dissolved ions
soft water
a compound that does not have any water molecules bonded to it (applies to compounds that can be hydrated)
anhydrous (compound)
a solid (such as glass) in which the atoms are irregularly arranged
amorphous or non-crystalline (solid)
a hypothetical gas with particles that have mass but no volume or attractive forces between them
ideal (gas)
a substance that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting an electron pair
Lewis acid or electrophile
a substance that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure
liquid
a small, repeating molecular unit in a polymer chain
monomer
an acid that contains two hydrogen ions that can dissociate
diprotic (acid)
an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl (C=O) function group bonded to a nitrogen atom
amide
a functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group attached to the C atom of a carbonyl group (-COOH)
carboxyl group
an -OH functional group
hydroxyl group
a compound that is composed of two elements
binary (compound)
an organic compound characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms
ketone
a hydrocarbon group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom; often a substitution group or branch on an organic molecule
alkyl group