types of chemical bonds (3.1)

Question 1

all fundamental biological reactions (ex: the transfer of genetic traits, how hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen, etc..) rely on WHAT?

Answer 1

the geometric structure of molecules + molecular bonding

Question 2

what are chemical bonds?

Answer 2

forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function in units (a.k.a compounds)

Question 3

how does a covalent bond form?

what do they usually create?

Answer 3

when electrons are shared by the nuclei of two IDENTICAL atoms

molecules

Question 4

what is bonding energy?

Answer 4

the energy needed to rbeak the bond

Question 5

how does an ionic bond form?

Answer 5

when an atom that easily loses electrons (cations/metals) reacts with an atom that easily accepts/gains electrons (anion/nonmetals)

remember, ionic bonds form with different atoms!

Question 6

how is an ionic compound created?

Answer 6

when a metal reacts with a nonmetal

or vice versa

Question 7

under what condition will a bond actually form?

Answer 7

when the system achieves the lowest possible energy (ex: if the energy of the atom pair is LOWER than the energy of them as seperated atoms, etc)

Question 8

what happens in a polar covalent bond? what’s an example of this particular type of bond?

Answer 8

it’s the middle scenario between an ionic bond and a covalent: the atoms aren’t so different that electrons are being entirely taken/transferred but different enough to not share said electrons. an example of this bond is the molecule HF.

Question 9

what does a covalent bond look like and what is its polarity? how do you know?

Answer 9

a covalent bond looks like a one pair of atoms lumped together and it’s a visual representation of a pair of atoms whose bonding electrons have been equally shared with one another.

it’s non-polar because all bonding electrons have been shared with the nuclei of the atoms AND it’s electrically neutral (no charge = not an ion!)

Question 10

what does an ionic bond look like and what is its polarity? how do you know?

Answer 10

an ionic bond looks like two, separate atoms close together but not lumped together like this: oO

it’s polar because since there’s been a (majorly) complete transfer of electrons, the molecule is composed of ions = have positive or negative charge

Question 11

why do chemical bonds occur?

Answer 11

bonds stem from the natural tendency of a system to seek its lowest
possible energy

Question 12

SGQ #17 (page150a): compare and contrast the bonding found in the H 2(g) and
HF(g) molecules with that found in NaF(s)