Types of Cells and Organelles Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are primitive and have a simple structure. They have no nucleus and the have no organelles.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells millions of years ago. They have a proper nucleus which holds the DNA and they have organelles that have specific jobs to help the cells reproduce, grow and metabolise.
What is the nucleus?
The nucleus controls the activity of the cell through DNA and contains RNA. It has a double membrane and produces ribosomes.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A network of flattened membrane-bound sacs located near the cell membrane or nucleus. Their role is to resynthesize proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and steroids.
What is the difference between smooth are rough ER?
Rough ER has ribosmes.
What are ribosomes?
They are made of protein and carry out photosynthesis.
What is the mitochondria?
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It is where cellular respiration takes place and glucose is made.
What is the purpose of the Golgi Apparatus (Goldi Body)?
They collect, sort, process and distribute enzymes, lipids, protein etc around the cell.
What are lysosomes?
Spherical sac that contains digestive enzymes. They fuse with food vacuoles to digest food and can also recycle dead or damaged cells.
What is the cell wall?
The cell wall encloses the cell membrane. It provides mechanical support and protection and is made of cellulose.
What are Chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts consist of matrix and flattened sacs. The contain chlorophyll (Green pigment) and photosynthesis occurs here.
What is the vacuole?
The central vacuole is only in the plant cell. They contain sap and water and storage space for the cell.