Types of Bone Flashcards
What are the four main types of bone?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Where do irregular bones exist?
In the skull
What is the name of the shaft of a long bone?
Diaphysis
What are the names of the ends of a long bone?
Epiphyses
In a long bone where is yellow bone marrow present and where is red bone marrow present?
Yellow bone marrow - in diaphysis and epiphyses
Red bone marrow - in epiphyses
What is the other name for irregular bones?
Pneumatic bones
What are the metaphyses of the long bones?
The regions between the epiphyses and the diaphyses
Give some examples of long bones.
Humerus Radius Ulna Metacarpals Phalanges Metatarsal bones Femur Tibia Fibula
How is the epiphyseal line of long bones formed?
During growth a thin layer if hyaline cartilage (the epiphyseal plate) separates the diaphyses and epiphyses if the long bone - this allows for growth. When growth stops in early adulthood the cartilage is replaced with a bony structure called the epiphyseal line
What is the structure of flat bones?
Flat bones are formed of two thin periosteum covered cortical bone plates separated by a thin layer of endosteum covered spongy bone. Bone marrow is also present although there is no medullary cavity.
What is the term for the trabeculae sandwiched between compact bone in flat bones?
Diploe
How does the structure of flat bones relate to their function?
The large surface area of a flat bone provides a significant amount of protection to soft tissue and also gives a large area for muscle attachment.
Give some examples of flat bones.
Frontal hip Nadal Parietal Ribs Scapula Sternum Vomer bones
What are sesamoid bones?
These are round or oval bones which develop inside of tendons
What is the function of a sesamoid bone?
They act to protect tendons from excessive wear
They can also change the angle of tendons as they pass to their attachments
