Musculoskeletal Ageing

Question 1

What are the primary functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

Enable efficient means of limb movement
Acts as an endoskeleton for protection and support
Serve as a mineral reservoir for calcium and phosphate
Provide an environment for marrow

Question 2

What are the common affects of age on the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 2

A decreased amount of tissue
Altered molecular disposition of the matrix
Accumulation of degraded molecules
Reduced efficiency kf functional tissue elements
Reduced synthetic capacity of differentiated cells
Altered levels of trophic hormones, growth factors and cytokines or altered ability of cells to respond to these
Alterations in the loading patterns of tissue or the tissue response to loading

Question 3

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 3

A syndrome characterised by progressive and generalised loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing with a risk if adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death

Question 4

Obese people are more likely to have sarcopenia. T/F?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

In chondroid tissue, ageing leads to decreased swelling pressure. What does this predispose?

Answer 5

OA

IVD degeneration

Question 6

What is cachexia?

Answer 6

Severe muscle wasting accompanying disease states such as cancer, advanced heart failure and end stage renal disease

Question 7

What factors can cause secondary sarcopenia?

Answer 7

Lack of activity
Disease
Poor nutrition

Question 8

What are the treatments of sarcopenia?

Answer 8

Aerobic exercise
Nutrition
Vitamin D supplementation

Question 9

What questionnaire is used to diagnose sarcopenia?

Answer 9

SARCF questionnaire

Question 10

A gait speed if less than what could indicate sarcopenia if the person also has low muscle mass?

Answer 10

O.8m/s