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Immunology > Type I Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type I Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is also called

A

Immediate hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Define immediate hypersensitivity

A

Is a type of pathologic reaction that is caused by release of mediators from mast cells

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3
Q

What immune cell is involved in type I hypersensitivity

A

Mast cells

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4
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is often triggered by what immunoglobulin

A

IgE Immunoglobulin E

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5
Q

List the two ways antibodies cause diseases

A
  1. Antibody mediated (type II)
  2. Immune complex diseases type III( antibodies against soluble antigens)
  3. T-cell mediated diseases
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6
Q

In many human immunologic diseases, the damage results from the combination of

A

Antibody mediated and T-cell mediated diseases

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7
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity causes

A

Rapid vascular leakage
Mucosal secretion
Followed by inflammation

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8
Q

IgE mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction are also called

A

Allergy or Atopy

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9
Q

Sequence events I the development of type I hypersensitivity begins with (6 steps)

A
  1. Activation of T-helper 2 cells
  2. Production of IgE antibodies in response to antigen
  3. Binding of the IgE to Fc receptor cells
  4. Exposure to antigens
  5. Cross linking of the bound IgE by the antigen
  6. Release of mast cell mediators
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10
Q

Functions of mast cells in type I hypersensitivity

A
  1. Rapid increase in vascular permeability
  2. Smooth muscle contraction
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11
Q

What mast cell mediators recruit neutrophils and eosinophils to site of reaction

A

Cytokines

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12
Q

What inflammatory component is responsible for tissue injury that results from repeated immediate hypersensitivity

A

Late-phase reaction

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13
Q

List the mediators found in type I hypersensitivity

A

Vasoactive amines
Lipid mediators

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14
Q

What 2 cytokines are secreted by T-helper 2

A

Interleukin -4 (IL-4)
Interleukin -3 (IL-3)

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15
Q

What are the functions of IL-4 and IL-3

A

Stimulate B lymphocytes specific for the foreign antigens to switch to IgE producing plasma cells

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16
Q

IgE antibody produced in response to an allergen binds to high affinity Fc receptor,specific the Fc chain involved and why

A

€ heavy chain because they are expressed on mast cells

17
Q

What term describes the coating of mast cells with IgE

A

Sensitization

18
Q

Where are mast cells located

A
  1. In all connective tissues
  2. Adjacent to blood vessels
  3. Under epithelial tissues
19
Q

Which of the body’s mast cells are activated by cross linking of allergen specific IgE often depends on

A

Route of entry of the allergen

20
Q

The high affinity receptor for IgE called

A

Fc €RI ( IgE Fc receptor)

21
Q

Fc€RI consits of 3 polypeptide chains namely

A
  1. One binds the FC portion to the € heavy chain very strongly with a Kd of approximately 10^-11
  2. Other 2 chains of the receptor are signaling proteins
22
Q

Where else is Fc€RI present

A

Basophils (circulating cells with many features of mast cells)

23
Q

Mast cell activation results from

A

Binding of 2 or more IgE antibodies on the cell

24
Q

Activation of mast cells trigger biochemical signals from transducing chains of Fc€RI. The signals lead to 3 responses in the mast cells;

A
  1. Degranulation (rapid release of granule content)
  2. Synthesis and Secretion of Lipid mediators
  3. Synthesis and Secretion of Cytokines
25
Q

Mention the most important mediators released by mast cells

A
  1. Vasoactive Amines and Protease stored in and released from granules
  2. Arachidonic acid metabolism and Cytokines
26
Q

Mention the major amine produed

A

Histamine

27
Q

What are the functions of histamine

A
  1. Causes dilation of small blood vessels
  2. Increases vascular permeability
  3. Stimulates the transient contraction of smooth muscles
28
Q

The function of protease is

A

Causes damage to local tissues

29
Q

Mention 2 contents of arachidonic acid metabolism

A

Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes

30
Q

Function of prostaglandins

A

Causes vascular dilation

31
Q

Function of leukotrienes

A

Stimulate prolonged smooth muscle contraction

32
Q

Function of Cytokines

A

Induce inflammation (late phase reaction)

33
Q

What cytokines causes the late phase reaction

A

Leukocytes

34
Q

List the leukocytes involved in late phase reaction

A

Eosinophils
Neutrophils
T-helper 2 cells

35
Q

What promote neutrophil and eosinophil rich inflammation

A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
IL-4

36
Q

What contributes to leukotrienes recruitment

A

Chemokines produced by mast cells
Chemokines produced by epithelial cells

Immunology (6 decks)

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