Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards
what is the definition of type 2 diabetes ?
-a chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and insufficient pancreatic insulin production resulting in high blood glucose levels
what is the term used to describe high blood glucose levels?
-hyperglycemia
what is type 3 diabetes associated with?
-obesity, inactivity, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia (high cholesterol) and blood clots which all also increase the risk of CVD
-it is associated with long term microvascular and macrovascular complications together with a reduced quality of life and shorter life expectancy
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why do symptoms show if an individual has type 2 diabetes?
-the lack of insulin means glucose stays in the blood and isn’t used as energy
-the body tries to lower blood glucose levels by removing glucose in urine
what are 6 symptoms of type 3 diabetes?
-constant thirst
-frequent urination especially at night
-tiredness
-weight loss
-thrush
slow healing of cuts
why is obesity a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ?
-fat cells are more resistant to insulin than muscle cells and because an individual has more fat cells if obese, the insulin becomes less effective increases the risk of 2 type 2 diabetes
-those who carry excess weight around the waist are more likely to suffer from hypertension due to the pressure placed on the heart which also increases risk of type 2 diabetes
why can a diet high in processed food a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
-they are high in empty calories, free sugars, low in fiber and have a poor nutritional content break down quickly in the body and cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels
-over processed foods are usually high in sodium which can contribute to hypertension which is linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
why are large portion sizes a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
-HFSS foods are usually not very filling and frequently come in large portion sizes so both these factors can lead to an overconsumption of calories which can lead to weight gain which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
why is a diet high is sat fat and low in f + v a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes?
-junk foods are high in saturated fats and trans fats which can raise levels of triglycerides which are a type of fat in the blood and high levels of this can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes
-diet low in fruit and veg can result in low levels of soluble (control blood sugar levels) and insoluble (satiety) fiber which is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
why can genetic be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
-main risk factor for type 2 diabetes, the risk of developing the disease is increased if you have a close relative who has the condition
-the closer the relative the greater the risk
why is limited physical activity a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes?
-sedentary lifestyle can contribute to the development of obesity and raised blood sugar levels which are both risk factors for type 2 diabetes
-physical activity helps lower blood glucose levels, exercising regularly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by 50% as it helps to improve the efficiency of insulin
what are 7 of the dietary recommendations for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes?
-eat regularly to control blood glucose levels and avoid skipping meals
-follow the Eatwell Guide and eat less sat fat and salt as diabetics have a greater risk of CVD, they should eat a diet of starchy carbs, f + v, protein
-eat more pulses low fat high fiber help control cholesterol
-eat low GI foods break down slowly and release glucose gradually and helps improve satiety
-avoid high GI foods raise blood sugar levels quickly
-cut down on red and processed meat as high in sat fat and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes
-choose drinks without added sugar as they help reduce risk of excess weight gain
what are 5 lifestyle recommendations to help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes?
-regular physical activities as it helps control blood sugar levels and helps insulin work 50% more effectively, adults should do 150 mins exercise per week
-maintain a healthy weight as reducing body weight my 5% lowers risk of type 2 diabetes by 50% and helps to control sugar levels, reduce BMI and waist circumference
-reduce stress as it helps to reduce the body releasing stress hormones which reduces a surge in blood sugar levels
-stop smoking as it can double the likely hood of heart disease, stroke and circulatory problems and stops insulin resistance
-reduce alcohol consumption as is will reduce body sensitivity to insulin and helps prevent type 2 diabetes, alcohol is high in calories which can increase risk of obesity which increases risk of diabetes
