Type 1 & Type 2 Flashcards
…% of diabetes is type 1
10
type 1 diabetes, still produce insulin
False, don’t produce
why can’t insulin be produced?
few beta cells/or dont work
auto-immune disease
medication effects
does type 2, still produce insulin?
yes
what is type 2 diabetes
when insulin isn’t picked up or seen by the cell
when insulin isn’t picked up/ seen what is the knock on effect?
no GLUT4 expression
no glucose into the cell causes individuals be to…
hyperglycaemic
its beneficial to have glucose hanging around in the blood
no, dont want this
what is the normal fasting (8hrs) glucose mmol/L
<5.6
what is the level of fasting glucose in pre-diabetes
5.6-6.9
what is the level of BG (fasted 8hrs) in diabetics
> or equal to 7
after the OGTT (2hrs) what is a normal individuals BG
<7.8
after the OGTT (2hrs) what is a pre-diabetes individuals BG
7.8-11
after the OGTT (2hrs) what is a diabetic individuals BG
> or equal to 11
what is a normal individuals glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c %)
<5.7
what is a pre-diabeteic individuals glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c %)
5.7-6.4
what is a diabetic individuals glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c %)
> or equal to 6.5
diabetic individuals start with a …. BG
higher
pre-diabetes measures are useful for
catching it early & intervening
glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c %) is a better measure as its ….
a long on months work of hyperglycaemia (portfolio of exposure) more robust measure
…% of diabetes is type 2
90
…. % of diabetes is type 1
8
…% of diabetes are rarer types
2
Diet, exercise, self administer insulin, insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors and management techniques for…
Type 1
type 1 diabetics are …times more likely to have a heart attack
four times
type 1 diabetics are …times more likely to have heart failure
4.5 times
type 1 diabetics are …times more likely to have a stroke
3.5
lifestyle modification, diet and exercise are management techniques for…
type 2
fructose doesn’t need insulin (true or false)
true
type2 diabetics are …times more likely to have a heart attack
2.5 X
type 2 diabetics are …times more likely to have a heart failure
more than 2.5X
type2 diabetics are …times as likely to have a stroke
2X
type 1 has ….. onset
juvenile
type 1 has a gradual onset?
No, abrupt
…% of pregnancies (2015) involved gestational diabetes
5%
pregnancy can cause insulin resistance (T or F)
true
women with gestational diabetes are… times more likely to have a pre-term baby
5X
women with gestational diabetes are… times more likely to have a caesarean
3X
women with gestational diabetes are… times more likely to have a baby weighing over 4kg
2X
(baby risks) …X more likely to be a still born
5X
(baby risks) …X more likely to die within 1st months of life
3X
