Retinopathy Flashcards
… % of all sight loss is diabetes related
5%
almost … of type 1 diabetics will have some sort of retinopathy
1/2 people
more than 1/2 people with type 2 diabetes have …
retinopathy (some sort)
after 20years with diabetes what is the prevalence?
everyone with type 1 will have some degree off retinopathy
how is retinopathy defined?
by pathology (not symptoms)
what are the three stages?
o Diabetes without retinopathy
o Non-proliferative retinopathy
o Proliferative retinopathy
where does the pericyte sit
on the membrane of capillary
what is the purpose of a pericyte
helps control BF & prevents endothelial cell proliferation (preventing extra growth)
exposure to excessive glucose (all or some of the time) means extra glucose cant be metabolised causing a ……
osmotic potentials
the osmotic potential (excess glucose caused) causes the pericyte
to die
when the pericyte dies the capillary can’t
regulate BF & endothelial growth
diabetes without retinopathy can have non detectable issues (even in eye scans) true or false
True
T2D but without diabetic retinopathy are ….. X more likely to have impaired color vision
8 X
non-proliferated retinopathy is causes by..
leaky blood flow and endothelial growth is unorganised
what happens when there is leaky blood flow and endothelial growth is unorganised
gaps emerge causing micro-aneurism
what happens when ‘holes’ emerge
LDL coming out of blood stream form on the back of the eye- sticking to the retina
what is it called when LDL forms on back of the eye
hard-exudates
angiogenesis occurs in Proliferative Retinopathy
true
what is angiogenesis
formation of new BV’s
when the blood is diverted into the endothelial gaps the cells becomes….
hypoxic (ischemia seen)
hypoxia causes ….
vasodilation
vasodilation in the endothelial leads to increased…..
micro-aneurisms
what does VEGF stand for
Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGF encourages …
angiogenesis
Proliferative Retinopathy causes detachement of..
retina
