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Medical Terms > Two Medical > Flashcards

Two Medical Flashcards

Terms

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

Process of building up large protein from small protein pieces called amino acids. (Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.)

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2
Q

catabolism

A

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.)

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for egg and sperm, which contain 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

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6
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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8
Q

genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

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9
Q

karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and sequence.

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10
Q

metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, -ism means a process.

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria. (From Greek mitos meaning thread and chondrion meaning granule.)

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12
Q

nucleus

A

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

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13
Q

adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells.

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14
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

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15
Q

epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

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16
Q

histologist

A

Specialist who studies tissues.

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17
Q

larynx

A

Voice box: located in the upper part of the trachea.

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18
Q

pharynx

A

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from nose to the trachea).

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19
Q

ureter

A

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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20
Q

urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

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21
Q

uterus

A

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.

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22
Q

viscera

A

Internal organs.

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23
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen or the peritoneal cavity.

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24
Q

cranial cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means “pertaining to the skull”.

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25
Q

diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

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26
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

Pertaining to the back.

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27
Q

mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.

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28
Q

pelvic cavity

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means “pertaining to the pelvis”, composed of the hip bones and surrounding the pelvic cavity.

29
Q

peritoneum

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs.

30
Q

pleura

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means “pertaining to the pleura”.

31
Q

pleural cavity

A

Space between the pleural layers.

32
Q

spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal canal.

33
Q

thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.

34
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

Pertaining to the front.

35
Q

hypochondriac

A

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs.

36
Q

epigastric

A

Middle upper region above the stomach.

37
Q

lumbar

A

Right and left middle region near the waist.

38
Q

umbilical

A

Central region near the navel.

39
Q

inguinal

A

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called the iliac region.

40
Q

hypogastric

A

Middle lower region below the umbilical region.

41
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant.

42
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant.

43
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant.

44
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant.

45
Q

cervical

A

Neck region (C1 to C7)

46
Q

thoracic

A

Chest region (T1 to T12)

47
Q

lumbar

A

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

48
Q

sacral

A

Region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

49
Q

coccygeal

A

Region of the coccyx (tailbone).

50
Q

vertebra

A

Single backbone.

51
Q

vertebrae

A

Backbones.

52
Q

spinal column

A

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

53
Q

spinal cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

54
Q

disk (disc)

A

Pad of cartilage between the vertebrae.

55
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

Front surface of the body.

56
Q

deep

A

Away from the surface.

57
Q

distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of the structure.

58
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

59
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body.

60
Q

lateral

A

Pertaining to the side.

61
Q

medial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

62
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

Back surface of the body.

63
Q

prone

A

Lying on the belly (face down, palms up).

64
Q

proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.

65
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From the Latin sagitta, meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow it enters the body in the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The midsagittal plane divides the body into the right and left halves.

66
Q

superior (cephalic)

A

Above another structure; pertaining to the head.

67
Q

superficial

A

On the surface.

68
Q

supine

A

Lying on the back (face up, palms up).

69
Q

transverse (axial) plane

A

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

Medical Terms (7 decks)

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