Chapter 5 & 6 Flashcards
Terms
gastrointestinal tract
begins with the mouth, where food enters and ends with the anus, where solid waste material leaves the body.
four functions of gastrointestinal tract
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
ingestion
food is taken into the mouth
digestion
food is broken down, mechanically or chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract. Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions and aid the breakdown (digestion) of complex nutrients. Complex proteins are digested to simpler amino acids and complicated sugars are broken down to simpler substances such as fatty acids and triglycerides (three parts fatty acids, one part glycerol) Digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
absorption
nutrients from digested food pass through the lining cells or epithelium of the small intestine and into the blood stream. Nutrients then travel to the cells of the body. Cells break down nutrients in the presence of oxygen to release energy Cells also use amino acids to build up large protein molecules for use in growth and development. Fat molecules are absorbed into lyphatic tissue from the intestine.
elimination
solid waste that can’t be absorbed into the blood streak. The large intestine concentrates these solid wastes (feces) and they pass out of the body.
oral cavity
cheeks, hard palate, soft palate, rugae (irregular ridges on hard palate), tongue, papillae, tonsils, gums, teeth.
bucc/o
cheek
cheil/o, labi/o
lips
palat/o
palate
uvul/o
uvula
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
tonsil/o
tonsils
gingiv/o
gums
dent/i, odont/o
teeth
