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Information Systems 414 > Tutorial Tests > Flashcards

Tutorial Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Name the various costs associated with managing information within a business.

A 
Production
Distribution
Security
Storage
Retrieval of information
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2
Q

Three roles associated with a systems analyst

A

Consultant
Supporting expert
Agent of change

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3
Q

What is CASE?

A

Computer-Aided Software Engineering

CASE is productivity tools created explicitly to improve routine work through the use of automated support

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4
Q

Object-oriented analysis and design

A

An approach intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments

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5
Q

Four characteristics of systems

A
  1. interrelated
  2. interdependent
  3. process inputs from their environment, i.e., change or transform inputs into outputs
  4. all systems are contained by boundaries separating them from their environment
  5. feedback is a form of system control
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6
Q

What is ERP?

A

Enterprise Resource Planning
An ERP system is an information system which integrates business functions on various levels across different departments

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7
Q

Name two well-known ERP packages

A

SAP

Oracle

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8
Q

What are the three levels of management in an organisation?

A
  1. Strategic management
  2. Managerial planning and control
  3. Operational control
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9
Q

Name 4 general considerations when regarding project selection

A

The backing of management is essential
Timing of the project; capability of making time for the project
Possibility of improving attainment of strategic organisational goals
Practicality in terms of resources and capabilities ; make sure the project falls within your field of expertise
Worthiness of the project; it needs to be worthwhile

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10
Q

Explain the 3 types of feasibility

A
  1. Technical feasibility
    - considering whether it is possible to develop the new system given the current technical resources
  2. Economic feasibility
    - considering time and cost involved
  3. Operational feasibility
    - considering human resources available and whether the system will operation and be usable once put into service
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11
Q

Advantages of buying computer hardware (as opposed to using cloud services)

A
  • full control over hardware and software
  • often cheaper in the long run
  • provides tax advantages through depreciation
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12
Q

Disadvantages of buying computer hardware (as opposed to using cloud services)

A
  • initial cost is high
  • risk of obsolescence
  • risk of being stuck if choice was wrong
  • full responsibility for operation and maintenance
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13
Q

Advantages of using cloud services (as opposed to buying computer hardware)

A
  • maintenance and upgrades performed by provider
  • ability to change software and hardware rapidly
  • scalable (can grow quickly)
  • consistent over multiple platforms
  • no capital tied up
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14
Q

Disadvantages of using cloud services (as opposed to buying computer hardware)

A
  • company doesn’t control its own data
  • data security is at risk
  • reliability risks of the Internet platform
  • proprietary APIs and software may make switching providers difficult
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15
Q

Name 4 kinds of prototypes used

A
  1. patched-up prototype
  2. non-operational prototype
  3. first-of-a-series prototype
  4. selected features prototype
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16
Q

In Agile Modelling, what are the four values which create an environment in which both developers and businesses can be adequately served?

A
  1. communication
  2. simplicity
  3. feedback
  4. courage
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17
Q

What does a use case model describe of a system?

A

It describes what the system does without describing how it is done

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18
Q

What does UML stand for?

A

Unified Modelling Language

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19
Q

Describe a class

A

Defines the set of shared attributes and behaviours of objects

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20
Q

Describe an object

A

Any person, thing, event, that is relevant to the system being analysed, i.e., an instant of a class

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21
Q

Describe the concept of ‘inheritance’

A 
The derived class (child) is created from the base class (parent)
The child class inherits all the attributes and behaviours that the parent has, but can also include additional attributes and behaviours
e.g, 'truck' is inherited from the base class 'vehicles'
22
Q

The three main components of UML

A

things
relationships
diagrams

23
Q

Give three examples of behavioural diagrams used in UML

A

Use case diagrams
Activity diagrams
Sequence and combination diagrams

24
Q

Name three things that a use case always provides

A

An actor initiates some event
The event then triggers a use case
The use case performs the actions that are triggered by the event

25
Q

What is modelled with an activity diagram?

A

It models the sequence of activities in a process, including sequential and parallel activities, as well as decisions made

26
Q

How do we show responsibility in activity diagrams?

A

Swimlanes

27
Q

When are fork and join elements used in activity diagrams?

A

A fork element is used when there is one input, for which there are multiple outputs
A join elements is used when there are multiple inputs, for which there is one output

28
Q

When would you use Structured English?

A

There are many repetitious actions

Communication to end users is important

29
Q

When would you use Decision Tables?

A

Complex combinations of conditions, actions, and rules are found
You require a method that effectively avoids impossible situations, redundancies, and contradictions

30
Q

When would you use Decision Trees?

A

The sequence of conditions and actions is critical

When not every condition is relevant to every action (the branches are different)

31
Q

Main categories used in the data dictionary

A

Data flows
Data structures
Data elements
Data stores

32
Q

Why should a systems analyst understand the process of compiling a data dictionary?

A

It will aid a systems analyst in conceptualising the system and how it works

33
Q

What can a data dictionary be used for?

A

Provide documentation
Eliminate redundancy
Validate the data flow diagram for completeness and accuracy
Provide a starting point for developing screens and reports
Determine the contents of data stored in files
Develop the logic for data flow diagram processes

34
Q

How do data structures differ from data elements?

A

A data structure is composed of data elements whereas data elements are the lowest, basic (base) type that a data structure can be broken into

35
Q

What kind of structure would a “Do… While…” loop be?

A

Iteration

36
Q

What is Structured English?

A

A technique for analysing structured decisions based on structure logic and simple English sentences

37
Q

Draw and name the five symbols used in the algebraic notation of data structures

A 
= "is composed of"
\+ "and"
{ } "repetitive elements"
( ) "optional elements"
[ ] "either/or elements"
38
Q

Staff = {Teachers} + {Administrative personnel } + ({Substitute teachers})

A

Staff is comprised of 􏰁multiple teachers 􏰁and 􏰁multiple administrative personnel 􏰁and 􏰁possibly 􏰁multiple substitute teachers 􏰁

39
Q

A person can choose to have pets, or not. If you do have pets, you can have multiple bunnies or hamsters, but not both bunnies and hamsters. How would you depict “Pets” as an element in data structures?

A

( [ { bunnies } | { hamsters } 􏰁] 􏰁} 􏰁) 􏰁

40
Q

What is the cornerstone/golden rule of data design?

A

Store data once!

41
Q

Definition of a Database

A

A database is a formally defined 􏰁and centrally controlled store of data 􏰁intended for use in many different applications 􏰁

42
Q

What do the rows and columns in a database represent?

A

Row: Record
Column: Attribute

43
Q

Define a record

A

A collection of properties/characteristics of an entity

44
Q

Define an attribute

A

Some characteristic of an entity

45
Q

What is the difference between data and metadata?

A

Data is collected about people, objects, and events in reality and eventually stored in a file or database
Metadata is information which describes data

46
Q

How does the Extended ERD (EERD) differ from the ERD?

A

EERDs include intersection entities for the N:M (many-to-many) relationships
Optionalities are added in an EERD

47
Q

Name the 3 entities utilised in ERDs

A

Primary entity
Attributive entity
Intersection entity

48
Q

List four of the properties of keys

A
  • uniquely identify records
  • dataless
  • never null
  • never change
  • can be used in combination (compound)
49
Q

Give the two main functions of keys

A
  1. To uniquely identify each record in an entity

2. To establish relationships between/among entities

50
Q

When are optionalities used?

A

To refine one-to-many relationships (1:M)

Information Systems 414 (12 decks)

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