Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Three main forces interacting to shape organizations
A
- Levels of management
- Design of organisations
- Organisational cultures
2
Q
Levels of management across organization
A
- Operations (day to day)
- Middle management (longer term)
- Strategic management (longest term)
3
Q
What is a system?
A
An interrelated set of objects that communicate to achieve a common goal
4
Q
How are organizations comparable with systems?
A
- Organizations accomplish predetermined goals and objectives like systems
- Composed of smaller, interrelated systems that serve specialized functions
- Specialized functions reintegrate to form effective organizational whole
5
Q
Relationship between systems and subsystems
A
- Systems and subsystems are interrelated and interdependent
- All systems process inputs from their environments
- Systems are contained by boundaries
- An ideal system self corrects or self regulates
6
Q
Factors of organizational environments
A
- Community
- Physical location
- Demographic profile - Economic
- Market factors
- Competition - Political
- State and local government - Legal
- Laws
7
Q
What is a virtual organization?
A
- An organization that has parts of the organization in different physical locations
- Allows employees to fulfil familial obligations
- Reduces costs of physical locations
- More rapid response to customer needs
8
Q
What is taking a systems perspective?
A
- Allows analyst to understand businesses that they will come into contact with
- Important for members of subsystems to realize that they are interrelated with
other subystems - Problems occur when managers think their department is the most important
9
Q
Donut principle
A
Look at big picture “whole” then focus on detail “hole”
10
Q
What is ERP?
A
- Enterprise resource planning
- Integrated organizational information system
- Software that helps the flow of information between functional areas in
organization
–> Integrates all departments and functions throughout the organization into a single IT system so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprise wide information about all business operations
11
Q
What is a context-level data flow diagram?
A
- Focus is on the data flowing into and out of the system and the processing of the data
- Shows external entities and one process (PROCESS 0)
12
Q
What is use case modelling?
A
- part of UML
- describes what a system does without describing how the system works
- view of systems requirements
13
Q
What is included in a use case diagram?
A
- Actor
- Particular role of a user of the system
- Exist outside of the system
- Primary actor: Supply data or receive information from the system
- Supporting actor: Help to keep the system running or provide help - Use case symbols
- Oval indicating task of use case - Connecting lines
- Arrows and lines used to show relationships
14
Q
What three things does a use case always provide?
A
- Actor that initiates event
- Event that triggers a use case
- Use case that performs the actions triggered by the events
15
Q
Different relations in use case diagrams
A
- Behavioural relationships
- Communication
- Connects actor to use case 2. Includes relationships
- Describes situation in which one use case posses the behaviour that allows the new use case to handle a variation or exception from the basic use case - Generalizes
- Implies that one thing is more typical than another thing
16
Q
What is a scope?
A
- System scope defines the system boundaries
- Actors are always outside of the scope
- Communication lines are the boundaries and define the scope
17
Q
Steps to develop use case diagrams
A
- Review business specifications
- Identify actors
- Identify high level events
- develop primary use cases that describe high level events and how the actors initiate them
- review each primary use case to determine variations of flow through it
18
Q
Decisions and data in STRATEGIC management level
A
Decisions - set goals/strategies - heuristic - uncertain - semi-structure problems - one time decisions Data - Broad - Long term - Unstructured - Volatile - Unpredictable
19
Q
Decisions and data in MIDDLE management level
A
Decisions - Assemble resources - Partly strategic - Partly operational Data - Internal oriented - Past, present and future
20
Q
Decisions and data in OPERATIONAL management level
A
Decisions - Executive tasks - Analytic - Structured problems - Repetitive decisions Data - Short term - Structured - Stable - Predictable
21
Q
What is collaborative design?
A
- External and internal stakeholders follow processes to share in designing a system
- Giving power to those who have a technical or strategic expertise
