Tutorial Psych Test 1

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

scientific study of mind and behaviour

Question 2

learning

Answer 2

acquisition of new knowledge that results in permanent state of change for learner

Question 3

habituation

Answer 3

repeated exposure to stimulus reduces response

Question 4

sensitisation

Answer 4

presentation of stimulus lead to increased response to a later stimulus

Question 5

classical conditioning

Answer 5

association of neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

occurs naturally

Question 7

natural response

Answer 7

biological response

Question 8

neutral stimulus

Answer 8

stimulus that nothing is associated with

Question 9

conditioned stimulus

Answer 9

neutral stimulus now associated with unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

conditioned response

Answer 10

learned response to previously neutral stimulus

Question 11

operant conditioning

Answer 11

learning through consequences, BF Skinner

Question 12

null hypothesis

Answer 12

no change

Question 13

alt hypothesis

Answer 13

change

Question 14

positive reinforcement

Answer 14

adding of something to increase behaviour

Question 15

negative reinforcement

Answer 15

removing something to increase likelihood of behaviour

Question 16

positive punishment

Answer 16

adding of something to decrease likelihood of behaviour

Question 17

negative punishment

Answer 17

removing something to decrease likelihood of behaviour

Question 18

fixed ratio

Answer 18

reinforcement provided after fixed number of responses

Question 19

variable ratio

Answer 19

reinforcement provided after unpredictable number of responses

Question 20

fixed interval

Answer 20

reinforcement provided after fixed amount of time

Question 21

variable interval

Answer 21

reinforcement provided after unpredictable amount of time

Question 22

generalisation

Answer 22

tendency to respond to similar stimulus to where behaviour was initially reinforced

Question 23

independent variable

Answer 23

variable that gets changed

Question 24

dependent variable

Answer 24

variable that depends on cause (independent variable)

Question 25

observational learning

Answer 25

watching, imitating and understanding behaviour of others

Question 26

modelling

Answer 26

individuals serve as models for others to observe and replicate behaviour

Question 27

imitating

Answer 27

same actions as behaviour of role models

Question 28

implicit learning

Answer 28

attaining knowledge without conscious awareness of intention

Question 29

dualism

Answer 29

the mind and body are two separate entities, Renee Descartes

Question 30

materialism

Answer 30

physical brain does physical activities, Thomas Hobbes

Question 31

realism

Answer 31

perception of real world entirely perceived through sensory organs, John Locke

Question 32

idealism

Answer 32

perceptions of physical world are brain’s interpretation of info from sensory organs

Question 33

philosophical empiricism

Answer 33

all knowledge is gained through experience, Locke

Question 34

philosophical nativism

Answer 34

some knowledge is innate

Question 35

structuralism

Answer 35

Wilhelm Wundt, attempt to isolate and analyse the basic elements of the mind

Question 36

introspection

Answer 36

Edward Titchener, analysis of subjective experience by trained observer

Question 37

functionalism

Answer 37

William James, focused on adaptive significance of mental processes

Question 38

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 38

the emphasis of how the unconscious influences emotions, feelings and behaviours

Question 39

developmental psychology

Answer 39

Jean Piaget, how psychological phenomena change over a lifespan

Question 40

cognitive revolution

Answer 40

study of mental processes, rejected strict behaviourism, the brain is like a computer

Question 41

humanistic psychology

Answer 41

Abraham Maslow + Carl Rogers, human drive to reach self-actualisation