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Tutorial; History of Psych > Danny Exam > Flashcards

Danny Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

5 pillars of psychology

A
  1. biological
  2. cognitive
  3. developmental
  4. social + personality
  5. mental health
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2
Q

talk therapy inventor

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

free association inventor

A

Sigmund Freud

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4
Q

founder of behaviourism

A

John B Watson
- little Albert experiment
- consciousness is irrelevant!

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5
Q

Gestalt psychology
- creators
- what is it

A
  • Max Wertheimer + Kohler + Kafka
  • theory of perception
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6
Q

stages in research

A
  1. development + operationalisation
  2. instrumentation
  3. data collection
  4. data analysis
  5. communication of results
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7
Q

sample

A

representative group of a population

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8
Q

random sampling

A

everyone in population has equal probability of being chosen

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9
Q

cluster sampling

A

choose specific no. of prisons around the world and take participants from them (geographical cluster)

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10
Q

systematic sampling

A

every 3rd person

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11
Q

stratified random sampling

A

divide population into homogeneous group then select from them

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12
Q

probability sampling 4 ways

A
  1. random sampling
  2. systematic sample
  3. stratified
  4. cluster
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13
Q

face validity

A

does the test appear to test what it aims for?

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14
Q

construct validity

A

does it test theoretical constructs?

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15
Q

concurrent validity

A

does test relate to existing measure?

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16
Q

predictive validity

A

does test predict later performance?

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17
Q

external validity

A

how applicable is test to real world

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18
Q

internal validity

A

how well was test conducted

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19
Q

ecological value

A

how generalisable results are to real life

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20
Q

mental illness

A

condition that has negative effect on a way individual
1. thinks
2. feels
3. behaves

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21
Q

2 different trauma/stress related disorders

A
  1. acute stress disorder
  2. PTSD
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22
Q

acute stress disorder when does it begin

A

right after traumatic event to (3 days - 1 month)

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23
Q

symptoms of acute stress disorder
+ How many do we need to diagnose

A

9 symptoms
irritability, anxiety, increased arousal, emotional numbness, panic attacks, insomnia, depression

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24
Q

PTSD when does it begin

A
  • 1 month after or within 6 month of trauma
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25
Q

common causes of PTSD

A
  1. war
  2. sexual assault
  3. disasters (natural + man-made)
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26
Q

4 symptoms of PTSD

A
  1. intrusion
  2. avoidance
  3. cognitive + mood changes
  4. arousal changes
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27
Q

schizophrenia common symptoms

A
  1. psychotic symptoms (negative)
  2. cognitive dysfunctions
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28
Q

psychotic symptoms examples

A
  1. delusions
  2. hallucinations
  3. disorganised speech
  4. weird behaviour (catatonia)
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29
Q

negative symptoms definition

A

lack of normal emotions + behaviour

30
Q

what is brief psychotic disorder

A

1 psychotic symptom for less than a month

31
Q

delusional disorder defintion

A

delusions without any other symptoms of psychosis

32
Q

non bizarre delusions

A

realistic situation (spouse is cheating)

33
Q

bizarre delusions

A

implausible situation (someone removed my organs)

34
Q

types of delusional disorders

A
  1. erotomanic = star is in love w me
  2. grandiose = I’m Jesus
  3. jealous = my wife is cheating
  4. persecutory = the FBI is after me
  5. somatic = I have stage 4 cancer
  6. mixed = a couple of the above
  7. unspecified
35
Q

schizoaffective disorder definiton

A

psychosis + negative mood symptoms

36
Q

schizophrenia characteristics + how long does it have to last

A

symptoms for more than 6 months
1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. psychosis
4. disorganised speech
5. restricted range of emotions
6. cognitive deficits
7. social dysfunction

37
Q

when does schizophrenia start

A

adolescence/ early adulthood

38
Q

symptom categories of schizophrenia

A
  1. positive (hallucinations + delusions)
  2. negative (reduction of normal functions)
  3. disorganised
  4. cognitive
39
Q

schizophreniform disorder defintion

A

same characteristics as schizo but under 6 months (+ more than 1 month)

40
Q

shared psychosis

A

you acquire delusion from person you’re close with

41
Q

substance-induced psychotic disorder

A

hallucination/delusions from medication or going off medication

42
Q

OCD defintion

A

recurring intrusive thoughts patients feel driven to do to lessen anxiety

43
Q

steps of OCD

A

intrusive thoughts - distress – compulsion – relief

44
Q

personality disorders defintion

A

thinking, feeling, behaving that deviate from cultural expectations

45
Q

Personality disorder cluster a

A

odd thinking + eccentric behaviour
1. paranoid personality disorder
2. schizoid personality disorder
3. schizotypal personality disorder

46
Q

personality disorder cluster B

A

dramatic + erratic behaviour
1. antisocial
2. borderline
3. histrionic
4. narcissistic

47
Q

personality disorder cluster C

A

severe anxiety + fear
1. avoidant
2. dependent
3. obsessive-compulsive

48
Q

OCPD characteristics

A
  1. may not be aware of disorder
  2. motive = perfection + control
  3. symptoms consistent over time
49
Q

OCD different to OCPD

A
  • OCD motive is to stop anxiety (not to be perfect)
  • OCD people are aware
  • symptoms can fluctuate
50
Q

Spearman’s psychometric approach to intellligence

A

intelligence (general factor = g factor) + specific factor = s factor

51
Q

Cattell’s 2 intelligences

A
  1. fluid intelligence = develop techniques for problem solving
  2. crystal intelligence = use acquired knowledge
52
Q

fluid + crystal intelligence over time

A
  • fluid drops after age 30
  • crystal increases with age
53
Q

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (name the 9)

A
  1. intra-personal
  2. spatial
  3. naturalistic
  4. musical
  5. logical-math
  6. existential
  7. interpersonal
  8. bodily-kinesthetic
  9. linguistic
54
Q

Lewis Terman what did he do

A

Standord Binet test of intelligence

55
Q

factors influencing intelligence

A
  1. child’s influence; genotype
  2. immediate environment; family
  3. society; poverty + race
  4. gender
  5. schooling; good schooling = higher scores
56
Q

2 dimensions of empathy

A

cognitive empathy =
affective empathy = experiencing someone else’s emotional state

57
Q

psychopaths aren’t antisocial personality disorder

A
  • not neurotic
  • not psychotic
  • no emotional disturbances
58
Q

Hare’s Psychopathy Model

A

factor 1 (interpersonal)
1. interpersonal = glibness + manipulative
2. affective = lack of guilt
factor 2 (social deviance)
3. lifestyle = parasitic
4. antisocial = criminality

59
Q

PPT Psychopathy Boduszek

A
  1. affective = emotional shallowness
  2. cognitive = inability to understand
  3. interpersonal manipulation = superficial charm
  4. egocentricity
60
Q

schizostages (1, 2, 3)

A
  1. brief psychotic disorder (under 1 month)
  2. schizophreniform (1 month - 6 months)
  3. schizophrenia (6 months +)
61
Q

psychopathy personality traits model - Boduszek

A
  1. affective responsiveness
  2. cognitive responsiveness
  3. interpersonal manipulation
  4. egocentricity
    intelligence as variable
62
Q

Hare’s model

A

interpersonal affective
1. interperesonal facet: manipulative, pathological lying, grandiose self
2. affective: lack of empathy
chronic antisocial life
3. lifestyle facet: parasitic + stimulation
4. antisocial: criminal activity

63
Q

observation

A

researcher directly observes behaviour of people in normal social setting

64
Q

complete participant

A

researchers goes undercover and doesn’t tell people they’re being watched

65
Q

complete observer

A

researcher watches stuff from distance

66
Q

participant observer

A

people know they’re being observed

67
Q

structured interview

A
  • same questions
  • comparable data (quantitative)
  • interviewer has no freedom
  • standardised
68
Q

semi-structured interview

A
  • open-ended questions
  • interviewer flexibility to modify preset questions
69
Q

unstructured interview

A
  • participants choose own structure
  • interviewer complete freedom
  • qualitative data
70
Q

focus group

A
  • qualitative data
  • 6 - 8 people
71
Q

purposive sampling

A

people picked based on possession of particular characteristics

72
Q

quota sampling

A

stratified sampling + opportunity sampling

Tutorial; History of Psych (3 decks)

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