Test 2 Flashcards
observational learning
learning from watching other people (rolemodels) partake in behaviours and then imitating said behaviours
mirror neurons
specialised cells that are involved in observational learning; they fire even if we’re not the ones doing the action
example of observational learning
we see our brother get good grades and then we want to get good grades too
implicit learning
unconscious, ineffable behavior that we have picked up
characteristics of implicit learning
- unconscious
- recognising patterns
- not easily explained
- procedural knowledge
- exposure (intensifies learning)
emphasis of observational learning
- role models
- imitations
- emotions + desires of learner (attention, memory, motivation)
- cultural norms
personality
person’s unique and stable behaviours that can help you see
- who they were/what they are/ who they will become
character
personal characteristics that have been judged and evaluated
temperament
hereditary personality
personality traits
stable qualities that person shows in most cirumstances
personality type
people that have traits in common
psychoanalytic theory founder
sigmund freud
humanistic theory founder
Abraham Maslow
Social Cog Theory
Albert Bandura
key concepts of psychoanalytic theory
- structure of mind
- defense mechanisms
- psychosexual
- levels of consciousness
id
impulsive desires
super ego
moral judgements
ego
seen personality that tries to balance id and superego
repression
removing painful experiences from conscious mind
rationalisation
try to come up with reasons for an unacceptable behavior to conceal true feelings
reaction formation
unconscious replacing of threatening feeling with opposite extreme
projection
attributing personal threatening feelings to another person
regression
becoming immature to feel safer in a threatening circumstance
displacement
shifting unacceptable feelings or behaviour to another less threatening target
identification
unconscious taking on characteristics of someone you think is more powerful in threatening circumstances
sublimation
channeling unacceptable (sexual or aggressive) drives to something culturally enhancing
3 reasons for defense mechanisms
- coping with anxiety
- equilibrium
- adapting to reality
eustress
beneficial stress that motivates us
distress
bad stress (excessive or prolonged) that harms our physical + mental wellbeing
acute stress
brief, intense stress triggered by specific event
chronic stress
longterm stress from ongoing issues
physical stress
physical demands on body causes stress
traumatic stress
results from traumatic event
cumulative stress
lots of small stressors cause big stress
primary appraisal
determining if stimulus is a stressor
secondary appraisal
determining if you can handle stressor
HPA Axis full name
hypothalamic, pituitar adrenal axis
cortisol effects
immune system, cardiovascular, metabolism
- increases blood glucose levels
Inventor of General Adaptation Syndrome
Hans Selye, endocrinologist
alarm stage
- fight or flight system activated
- lots of stress hormones released
- mobilisation of E reserves
resistance stage
- stressor persists so body tries to adapt
- same functions as alarm stage but body tries to find equilibrium to continue functioning normally
exhaustion stage
- body’s resources depleted
- breakdown of adaptive mechanisms
- susceptible to illness + chronic health issues
3 coping mechanisms
repression, reframing, rationalisation
rational coping stages
acceptance, understanding, exposure
stress inoculation theory
develop positive ways of thinking about the situation
hardiness 3 components
commitment, control, challenge
