Tutorial 7 : The importance of soil quality Flashcards
soil formation
development of soil from parent materials (sediments), also known as pedogenesis
soil protection
conservation of soil properties and quality
European Soil Strategies for 2030
framework to restore soil by 2050, with actions that need to be put in place by 2030
soil degradation
decline in soil quality and fertility due to various factors, such as erosion, pollution, loss of organic matter
soil health
the overall condition of soil in terms of its physical, chemical and biological properties
soil quality indicators
parameters that can be measured to make assessments on the health of the soil
nutrient cycling
neutral processes through which essential nutrients like carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous are recycled and made available to plants and other organisms in the soil ecosystem (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle,…)
blue water
water from streams, rivers, lakes, groundwater aquifers,…
green water
water that penetrates the soil after rainfall
soil remediation
restoration from the soil via different techniques
types of soil remediation
- thermal soil remediation
- air sparging
- encapsulation: encapsulates the contaminants (not good for agriculture)
- bioremediation
bioremediation
use of biological mechanisms for remediation
the contaminated soil is treated at the site with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that have been engineered specifically to consume and break down pollutants
not always possible in extreme climates
- phytoremediation: it happens through the plant, contaminants are absorbed from the soil
- phycoremediation: it involves algae
- mycoremediation: it involves fungi
- bacterial remediation: it involves bacteria
biochar
from the charcoal produced by heating biomass in the absence of oxygen
can be added to soil to improve quality
plant-soil-microbiome interaction
complex relationships between plants, soil organisms which influence plant growth and nutrient cycling and overall ecosystem functioning
root biofilms
microbial communities that form biofilms on plant roots that play a role in nutrient uptake