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Ancient History > Tutankhamun > Flashcards

Tutankhamun Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify 5 Egyptian gods and outline their role:

A

Aten:
- sun god, creator of life, sun disk

Osiris:

  • god of the dead/afterlife
  • green man, mummified
  • resurrection and fertility

Amun:

  • king/father of gods
  • ram-headed god
  • maybe combined with Ra

Isis:

  • goddess of protection
  • wisdom, health
  • sun disk with cow horns

Horus:

  • Pharoah is human version, eye of Horus
  • sky god
  • falcon head
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2
Q

Who changed the religion to what god?

A

Akhenaten changed from polytheistic relgion to monotheism worshipping Aten, sun god

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3
Q

Cities in Ancient Egypt time of Tutankhamun

A

Giza, Luxor, Aswan

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4
Q

What was the restoration stela?

A
  • formal justification of changing back to a polytheistic religion
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5
Q

Why was the polytheistic religion restored?

A
  • the religion was restored due to the unhappiness of the people, pressure from priests and citizens, chaos
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6
Q

new kingdom process of mummification

A
  • elaborate procedure which lasted 70 days
  • initial washing of the body: natron and water
  • removal of the brain: through nose, eye socket
  • removal of body organs: stomach, liver, intestines, lungs
  • Heart was NOT REMOVED
  • cavities filled
  • mummification, bandaging of the body: layers of linen coated in resin, funerary jewellery, amulets, spells, priest read from book of the dead
  • face mask: represent deceased as eternally young
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7
Q

funerary procession in New Kingdom Egypt

A
  • after embalming is completed, corpse is paneled shrine, in bier (boat like structure)
  • buried in tomb
  • mourners, lector priest was assisted by sem priest
  • lector would chant speels and prayers
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8
Q

importance of: amulet

A
  • protection, regeneration and rebirth
  • protective: gold, did not decompose
  • regenerate: djed pillar, backbone of Osiris, wedjat eye, eye of horus,
  • rebirth: scarab, rebirth and new life
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9
Q

importance of: ushabtis

A
  • servants to help in the afterlife

- agricultural tasks

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10
Q

importance of: wall paintings

A
  • depicted the funerary processions and burial practices
  • North: arrival in afterlife, opening of mouth ceremony, tut’s ka and Osiris
  • east: funeral procession, sledge, funeral headband and white clothing
  • south: arrival to underworld, welcomed by hathor, anubis and isis
  • west: funeral journey/rituals, twelve hours of the night, guarded by baboons,
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11
Q

Describe the layout of Tutankhamun’s tomb

A
  • not common tomb of pharaoh

- small, passageway to largest room the antechamber, connected to annexe, burial chamber and treasury.

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12
Q

What was the Field of Reeds?

A
  • blessed field similar to the delta region
  • perfect life where harvest was of plenty
  • nile always flooded,
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13
Q

What was the ba, ka and akh?

A

Ba: soul, bird with human head

ka: double, life force
akh: spiritual intelligence

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14
Q

Describe process of judgement before Osiris:

A

42 judges:

  • 42 gods that deceased is to face
  • all hold jurisdiction over particular sin

Negative confession:
- deceased would address each of gods, stating if they had/n’t committed a sin

Hall of Maat:
- after trial, Anubis jackal-headed god leads to Osiris in a shrine

Weighing of the heart:

  • heart weighed against feather of truth
  • symbol of Thoth
  • if lighter than feather good
  • if not devoured by Ammut (croc, hippo and lion)

Osiris:

  • meet Osiris
  • go into the Field of Reeds
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15
Q

importance of the Nile to the Ancient Egyptians

A
  • dependance on its survival
  • only source of fresh water
  • for crops
  • inundation, transport, food
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16
Q

Role of rebirth and resurrection:

A
  • they did not live long
  • cycle
  • maintain peace and determines the religious values and morals within Ancient Egypt.
17
Q

What tomb paintings and artefacts reveal about: beliefs of the afterlife

A

Antechamber:

  • ka statues, black-skinned meaning rebirth
  • allowing him chance into afterlife

Treasury:
- Boats represent for the celestial boat journey into afterlife

Annexe:
- 17 model boats used for hunting in afterlife, symbolism to traveling into underworld

18
Q

What tomb paintings and artefacts reveal about: Burial practices

A

Treasury:
- Anubis shrine, materials belonging to rituals of mummification

Burial chamber:
- Tutankhamun’s mummy, containing abundance of regenerative and protective spells,

19
Q

What tomb paintings and artefacts reveal about: funerary processions and rituals

A

Treasury:

  • golden canopic shrine, embalmed organs
  • canopic jars,

Burial chamber:

  • golden coffin, spreading protective wings Nekhbet and Wadjit
  • magical spells in heiroglyphics
20
Q

What tomb paintings and artefacts reveal about: providing for the dead

A

Antechamber:
- food boxes with joints of meat

Treasury:
- granary

Annexe:

  • 116 baskets of dried fruit and seeds
  • 23 shabtis
21
Q

Process of inundation

A
  • flooding of the Nile provides fertile soil ideal for crops

- river deposits minerals and nutrients from more fertile lands

22
Q

funeral ritual:

A

opening of the mouth ceremony:

  • carried out by the oldest son of deceased
  • wears leopard skin, sem-priest
  • implements as chisel were used to touch face of deceased, enabled mouth to speak, eyes to see, ears to hear, nose to breathe.
  • magically restore deceased powers for existence in afterlife, ignite senses and breathe life into ka

Ancient History (11 decks)

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