TUT - OMFS trauma Flashcards
What is stridor?
Inspiratory noise and sign of airway obstruction
What is wheeze?
Expiratory noise and sign of airway obstruction
What is stertor?
Inspiratory noise and sign of airway obstruction at the top of airway (sounds like snoring)
What is a visual sign of airway obstruction?
- cyanosis
- choking
- red face
What are difficult airways according to ATLS?
- uncleared neck (hard collar)
- poor mouth opening
- intoxicated or reduced GCS
- beards
- overweight
- arthritic necks (silver trauma)
- maxillofacial trauma
What injuries are associated with a risk to the airway?
- bilateral mandible fracture (muscles pull mandible backwards and tongue occludes airway)
- midface or pancake fractures
- neck injuries
What airway manoeuvres are available?
- chin lift
- jaw thrust
- oropharyngeal airway
- nasopharyngeal airway
What contraindicates a chin lift?
- fractured mandible
- fractured neck
What contraindicates a jaw thrust?
If fingers are resting on mobile bones
What contraindicates an oropharyngeal airway?
- reduced mouth opening
- plastic collar
What contraindicates a nasopharyngeal airway?
Fractured midface without scan to guide airway
What are common sites are bleeding emergencies?
- major vessels
- maxilla
- mandible
- nose
What adjuncts can be used to stop bleeding in midface fractures?
- tranexamic acid
- interventional radiology (balloons via veins)
- medication impregnated gauze
- epistat
- reduce fractures to apply pressure (sedation and intubated)
What is orbital compartment syndrome?
- retrobulbar bleeding
- fifteen minutes to blindness
- surgical emergency but not more important than primary ATLS
What is involved in secondary sight assessment?
- pupils (check disability)
- eye movement or paralysis
- pain
- chemises (conjunctiva looks like snot)
- proptosis (sticking out, rock hard)
- visual activity (red colour sight is lost first)
- numbness in surrounding tissue
