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Tuscany Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of sweetness for vin santo (4)

A

secco - not common
Abbaocatto
Amabile
Dolce

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2
Q

Chianti Senesi DOCG
Loc
size ?
temp relative ?
style

A

Southernmost
largest under vine
warmer since south
fuller more substantial

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3
Q

Northern Tuscan Coast subregion
location
appellations

A

Strip of land between Ligurian sea and N to S hills parallel to coast
Bolgheri DOC
Bolgheri Sassacaia DOC

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4
Q

Did Bolgheri DOC always allow red ?

A

no not until Sassacaia proved then grapes

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5
Q

Chianti DOCG
loc
# of subzones
limits on blends or outside subzones
what is allowed for subzones
relative size to CC
how many bottles / year

A

surrounds CC does not include
7
cannot use subzone name
allowed to have sub zone after Chianti
2x
100M

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6
Q

Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
Climate / moderated

A

Warm Med moderated by breeze, inland location, and elevation

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7
Q

Who revived Montelpulciano

A

Adamo Fanetti

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8
Q

How many appellations in Montalcino
what are they

A

4
Brunello
Rosso
Sant’Antimo
Moscadello

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9
Q

Is the vinsantaie temp controlled

A

not traditionally

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10
Q

What is a local expression for Sangiovese

A

Jupiters Blood

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11
Q

What is the Madre ?

A

the mother used to ferment vin santo - lees from the barrel

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12
Q

Tavernelle Montalcino Zone
Loc
Temp
soil
style

A

SW of Montalcino
slightly warmer
stoney calcareous
ripe fruit, depth, longevity

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13
Q

Soil generic (3)

A

sandstone, clay, limestone

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14
Q

Chianti Rufina DOCG
elevation, temp
wine effect

A

higher, cooler
bright acid

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15
Q

Vin Santo
grapes and roles (2)

A

Trebbiano Toscano - acidity
Malvasia - perfume, texture

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16
Q

What grape is called Jupiters Blood

A

Sangiovese

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17
Q

What is Macigno

A

local name in Chianti for sandstone

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18
Q

Bolgheri Sassacaia DOCG
loc

A

Northern part of Bolgheri fully contained

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19
Q

Brunello di Montalcino DOC/G dates

A

1966 / 1980 (one of first DOCG)

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20
Q

Cities of Art

A

Firenze, Siena, Arezzo, Pisa

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21
Q

What is #1 white grape

A

Trebbiano Tuscana

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22
Q

How did name Chianti Classico occur

A

when govt defined the expanded Chianti zone and named the original

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23
Q

Southern Toscana Appellations

A

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Rosso di Montalcino DOC
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
Rosso di Montepulciano DOC
Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC

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24
Q

Chianti Montesperoli DOCG
old or new
was part of what ?

A

newest
Fiorentini

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25
Q

San Gimignano region
Geo notable
Loc
Vineyard locs ?
Soil

A

skyline from towers
Within Chianti and Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG
Town of San Gimignano at center
hills surrounding town
Marine, yelllow sands, yellow clay, calcareous marl

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26
Q

Bolgheri DOC
most common white style

A

varietal Vermentino

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27
Q

Maremma Toscana DOC
Profile simple or complex
Primary Styles (4)
Other styles

A

Simple
Sangio Rosso Blend, Trebbiano Bianco Blend, Vermentino Bianco Blend, Varietals (local and International)
spumante, rosato, novello, VT, Passito, Vin Santo

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28
Q

Most popular training methods(3)

A

Archetto, Cordone Speronato, Guyot

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29
Q

Chianti DOCG
common across subs
most substantial subzones (3)
best?
Grapes

A

stricter rules drive quality
Rufina, Senesi, Fiorentini
Rufina
70% Sangio, white allowed cannot exceed 10%. Canaiolo, Colorino, CS Merlot most common
Senesi min 75% required / white not allowed

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30
Q

Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
Loc

A

Inland hills NE of Grosseto to Foothills of Mount Amiata
Orcia River separates from Montalcino to the North

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31
Q

Bolgheri DOC
wine styles (4)

A

Bordeaux blend mostly CS, Merlot, CF
bianco
rosato
varietal

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32
Q

Name derived from ?

A

Eturia

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33
Q

Vin Santo Carmignano DOC
method
white grapes/ sweetness / ageing
red grapes / sweetness / ageing

A

Trebbiano / Malvasia, dry 4 - 6 mos, dry to sweet, 3 years
Sangio, same ageing
Ris 4 years

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34
Q

Adamo Fanetti role

A

revived Montepulciano

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35
Q

Chianti Montalbano DOCG
loc ?
overlaps

A

NW Chianti
Overlaps most of Carmignano

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36
Q

Vernaccia San Gimignano
type of wine produced?
names derived from ?
how is term used elsewhere?

A

dry varietal
vernaculus meaning local
for set of unrelated varietals

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37
Q

Chianti Classico
what came together to protect the style
what wines were mimicing Chianti

A

Conorzio (33 producers)
Vino all’uso di Chianti

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38
Q

Characteristics of Alberese ? where found ?

A

Fine grained calcareous marl
Central / South - Chianti Classico

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39
Q

Northern Tuscan Coast subregion Vineyard locations

A

Mostly flats towards the sea
Some on west facing slopes

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40
Q

Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
Grapes for white
red

A

70% Malvasia and/or Trebb and/ or Grechetto Bianco
Sangio for Occhio

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41
Q

Torrenieri Montalcino Zone
Loc
temp
soil
style

A

NE
cooler
clay
leaner / firm tannin

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42
Q

International #1 grape

A

Merlot

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43
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
grapes req / local name
typical grapes
characteristic compared to brunello DOCG and Chianti Classico
Traditional vini / assemblage
Modern vini / assemblage
Riserva req

A

70% sangio , prugnolo gentile
any auth grapes in Toscana, up to 5% white
sangio, canaiolo, colorino, mammolo ,merlot
elegance of CC and structure of Brunello
Botti - Higher proportion of sangio plus canaiolo / mammolo
Barrique - blend in merlot cs syrah
higher ABV longer age, age in bottle

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44
Q

Cortona DOC
Loc, near border and lake ?
Signature grape / style
Grapes
style list

A

East near Umbria and Lake Trasimento
Varietal Syrah
Syrah ,Merlot, Sangio
Rosato, Ris, Vin Santo, Occhio, Varietals

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45
Q

What is Trebbiano Tuscana called in France

A

Ugni Blanco

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46
Q

Who issued the edict protecting Tuscan wine

A

Cosimo III of Medici

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47
Q

Montalcino climate classification
influence, role
climate compared to Chianti and Montepulciano

A

Mostly Med, some cont
Monte Amiata to SE protects from humidity, storms, hail
warmer, milder

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48
Q

Which Chianti subzone has the most stringent rules

A

Senesi

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49
Q

When did wine making start in Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG

A

after land became expensive in Chianti and Montalcino - 1990s

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50
Q

Sant’Angelo in Colli Montalcino Zone
loc
elevation note
style

A

Southern area
medium
structured powerful refined

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51
Q

Other noteable estates for Brunello

A

Fattoria dei Barbi after 1880s
banfi 1970s

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52
Q

Eastern Toscana Appellation

A

Cortono DOC

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53
Q

Ferruccio Biondi history
Viti credit
Vini credit
branded Brunello when?

A

Massal selection
Large Slovonian cask , de-stem to tame tannin
1880s

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54
Q

What enologist was sent to help Sassacaia

A

Tachi from Antinori

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55
Q

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
Traditional vini method
Modern vini method
Riserva vini method
grapes
Riserva reqs

A

skin contact large cask, deep gold oxidative
stainless , temp control for clean / light wine
small barrel fermnet / maturation
85% Vernaccia
ABV / ageing

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56
Q

Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG
loc
wine style req

A

same area as Val di Cornia DOC
Blend only
sangio, CS and/or merlot

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57
Q

What does Brunello mean?

A

little dark one

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58
Q

What is the room where vin santo is matured ?

A

Vinsantaie

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59
Q

Carmignano region
Soil (4)
3 DOCs
Intenational grapes by tradition
Overlaps ?
elevation compared to Chianti zones

A

Carmignano DOCG, Barca Reale di Carmignano DOC, Vin Santo del Carmignano DOC
Alberese, Clay, Shale , Sandstone
CS, CF
Chianti Montalbano DOCG
Lower

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60
Q

App for most estates in Val di Cornia

A

Suvereto DOCG

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61
Q

Rivers

A

Arno, Orcia, Ombrane

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62
Q

Vin Santo Chianti DOC
Grapes white / red
Allowed for subzones ?
riserva ageing

A

Trebb / Malvasia, Sangio
yes
4 years

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63
Q

Where is the Cortona DOC

A

Eastern Toscana

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64
Q

What is the oldest Montalcino zone

A

Montalcino

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65
Q

Elba region
island size rank
Loc
What did Pliny call it
Know for ?

A

3rd
Between Ligurian and Tyrrenian Sea
Insula vini ferax - Island Fertile of Wine
Aleatico Passito

66
Q

Bolgheri DOC
red categories (2)

A

Rosso DOC and Rosso Superiore DOC
aging

67
Q

What is the only DOC/G to traditionally use CS an CF

A

Carmignano

68
Q

Bolgheri DOC
original styles allowed

A

white rosato

69
Q

Central Tuscany Appellations (8)

A

Carmignano DOC
Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC
Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC
Chianti DOCG
Chianti Classico DOCG
Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

70
Q

What are the names for estates in Italian (4)

A

Podere - farm
Poggio - Knoll
Castello - castle
Fattoria - farm

71
Q

Castelnuovo dell’Abate Montalcino zone
Loc
elevation
style

A

SE
medium
ripe fruit , depth, finesse

72
Q

Morellino di Scansano DOCG
climate
grapes in wine
profiles

A

warm med
Sangio 85%
Alicante (Cannonau)
Ciliegiolo
Merlot
Soft / fruity, Ris complex structured

73
Q

Climate and influences

A

Continental
Altitude

74
Q

Which Chianti DOCG sub is smallest

75
Q

what was Bolgheri Sassacaia DOCG release as previously

A

Vin da Tavola

76
Q

What does Sassacaia mean

77
Q

Sangiovese
buds ? ripens?
lineage

A

early ./ late
Ciliegiolo x Calabrese Montenuovo

78
Q

Northern Tuscan Coast subregion
wine making tradition

A

none until Sassacaia

79
Q

Souther Maremma Appellations (4)

A

Montecucco DOC
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
Maremma Toscana DOC

80
Q

Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG
loc
grapes
days drying

A

was part of Elba DOC
100% Aleatico
10

81
Q

Montalcino Wine Growing Areas
Loc in region
size / shape
Topo
total area under vine %

A

around municpal area
9 mile square
4 irregular slopes from borders to center

82
Q

Coastal appellations (9)

A

Northern Tuscan Coast
Bolgheri DOC
Bolgheri Sassacaia DOC
Northern Tuscan Maremma - Val di Cornia
Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG
Suvereto DOCG
Southern Tuscan Maremma
Montecucco DOC
Montecucco DOCG
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
Maremma Toscana DOC
Elba
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG

83
Q

Vin Santo Ochio di Pernice
color
grape

A

pink
Sangio

84
Q

Montepulciano
soil
diff at higher alt ?
compared to Montalcino and Chianti

A

marine, clay sand
more sandy
homogeneous

85
Q

Bolgheri DOC
grapes (6 red, 1 white)

A

CS, Merlot, CF, PV, Sangiovese Syrah
Vermentino

86
Q

MTs/ Hills/ plains

87
Q

Chianti DOCG
Sup req?
Ris req ?

A

lower yield, hi ABV
ageing 2 years higher abv

88
Q

Montepuliciano regoin
Loc
why Nobile ?
DOCG when ?
growth from 1960s to 2017 (producers, vineyard ha)

A

SE Toscana on Umbria border
result of being noblemens tables
1980
12 -> 80
150 to 1000

89
Q

what grape replaced Malvasia in Chianti blend ? Effect ?

A

Trebbiano. in larger quanity. diluted the wine..

90
Q

Chianti Pisane DOCG
large or small ?
climate influence

A

one of smallest in size and volume
Tyrrhenian makes milder

91
Q

Who practices formed basis for the Brunello di Montalcino DOC disciplinaire

A

Tancredi Santi

92
Q

Bolgheri Sassacaia DOCG
grapes

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc 80/20

93
Q

Barco Real di Carmignano DOC
Profile vs Carmignano DOCG
Assemblage vs DOC/G
Ageing ?
Declass allowed ?

A

lighter fruitier / second wine
same
none
yes

94
Q

Bolgheri DOC
loc

A

Southern area of North coastal Tusacany
north and west of Val di Cornia

95
Q

What were the Medici’s famous for ?

A

transform Tuscany from Republic for Lordship aka Signoria

96
Q

What #1 grape overall

A

Sangiovese

97
Q

What is govorno ?

A

Allowed in Chianti DOCG not CC. leave some grapes on vine to dessicate then added to wine to start second ferment. rarely used but allowed and must state on label

98
Q

Suvereto DOCG
Grapes (3)
allowed wines styles (4)

A

CS, Sangio, Merlot
Blend based on CS and/or Merlot
variatel CS, Merlot, Sangiovese

99
Q

Vin Ruspo term
definition
how used

A

To draw off
name for Rosato using Salasso method

100
Q

Montalcino zones (unofficial)
how many?
differentiating characteristics

A

7
Sangio expresses itself differently

101
Q

Chianti Classico location / size

A

hilly central tuscany
40 mi north to south

102
Q

Waht are the 3 categories of Chianti Classico DOCG
reqs for all

A

Annata 12% ABV, release OCt 1 year after harvest
Riserva 12.5 % ABV 2 years, 3 mos in bottle
Gran Selezione 30 months / 3 months in bottle - lab analyzed and taste tested
carry Gallo Nero

103
Q

Bolgheri Sassacaia DOCG
soil

A

sandy gravelly

104
Q

Who created Biondi-Santi name

A

Ferruccio Santi

105
Q

what is the most renowned Vin santo

A

VS di Montepulciano DOC

106
Q

Carmignano DOCG
Grapes
Blend notes
Release when ?

A

Sangio, CS, CF
Sangio 50% 10-20% CS and/or CF
most use 70% sangio
June 1 second year after harvest, Ris 3 years / 1 in oak

107
Q

Chianti Classico location / size
borders E, N, S
elevation higher east or west?

A

hilly central tuscany
east border Monti del Chianti
North border Firenze / Arno
South border Siena
40 mi north to south

108
Q

Chianti Aretini DOCG
Loc
River ?

A

Eastern Chianti
CC is west border
Arezzo east of zone
Arno flows thru

109
Q

Montalcino Regional
Loc
town topo
sweet or dry traditional?

A

25 mi South of Siena
hilltop fortress
sweet Moscato

110
Q

Who founded Sassacaia

A

Marchese Mario Incisa Dell Rochetta

111
Q

Vin Santo
method until when ?
name for barrel ? size ? wood types (4)

A

Appassimento
Dec - March
Caretelli - 50L
chestnut, oak, acacia, juniper

112
Q

Chianti Classico
changes with Bando ?
primary first red grape
Country that Chianti exported red to

A

Greve and Panzano added
Canaiolo
England

113
Q

What was first “second” wine in Italy

A

Rosso di Montalcino DOC

114
Q

Northern Tusan Maremma - Val di Cornia sub region
climate
Soils
DOCGs
DOC history

A

similar to Bolgheri ,mild
Light alluvial sand and silt / heavier alluviial sand and clay
Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG Suvereto DOCG
Val di Cornia DOC covered entire area until DOCGs introduced

115
Q

Northern Tuscan Coast subregion
soils (2)

A

Alluvial with pebble and gravel
Marine with sand limestone clay and some volcanic

116
Q

Montepulciano
climate
compared to Montalcino

A

more Continental
cooler

117
Q

Chianti Classico Soil

A

galestro alternating with alberese and sandstone

118
Q

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
grape
Vini traditional / now additional (3)
Blend or single ?
Ageing note

A

100% sangio
Slavonian botit
French Botti, small oak, combo
both
longest in Italy
4 total / 2 oak / 4 mos bottle
ris 5 total / 2 oak / 6 mos bottle

119
Q

Montepulciano growing area
divided by ?
2 areas
which larger

A

Val di Chiana
West, hills around city
East, hills around Valiana
West

120
Q

How were the Chainti subzones created?

A

when govt defined the expanded Chianti and Classico it named the official sub zones

121
Q

Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
primary grapes
styles for the DOC
style for the DOCG
MGAs ?

A

Sangio
Trebbiano
Vermentino
Bianco, Rosso, Rosso Ris, Vin santo Ochio di Pernice, varietal Vermentino
Sangio 90%
25

122
Q

what were the first Super Tuscans

A

Sassacaia, Tignanello, Solai

123
Q

Montalcino Soils
reasons for diversity
Lower altitude
Higher altitude

A

different geological eras and repeated return / advance of ancient seas
younger, marine based, clay and sand
older, poor shallow, gravel / stone, galestro alberese

124
Q

Montalcino Zone
Loc
soil
style

A

city area
sandstone, limestone, galestro
elegant age worthy

125
Q

Clemente Santi history
Estate established
Vini change
wiine change
historical first

A

Greppo estate
longer ferment / long maceration
dry red instead of sweet moscato
first use of name Brunello won medal 1869 as Vino rosso scelto

126
Q

Malvasia Bianca Lunga
aka
use today and role?
past was part of blend ?

A

Malvasia del Chianti
vin santo / body and perfume
Chianti formula

127
Q

Training methods (3)

A

Archeto - guyot variation
Cordon speronato - cordon spur
Guyot

128
Q

Who saved Resuciated Carmignano

A

Count Ugo Cantini Bonacassi of Tenuta Capezzana
Got DOC created 1975

129
Q

What is the easternmost DOC

A

Cortona DOC

130
Q

What is the fill level of a caratelli

131
Q

Trebbiano Toscano
role in white blends
use today
approved for other use?

A

add neutrality
Vin Santo
blend in Chianti
Blend into Chianti DOCG but rarely done today

132
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG
Lower sites profile
Higher sites profile
Blends ? Single ?
rank in Italy on yield

A

Fuller richer less acid / tannin less subtle
Elegant, perfumed hi acid / firm tannin
Both
lowest yield per HA per vine

133
Q

Climate influences

A

Ligurian and Tyr sea influence coast but not inland
Apennines block cold air and rain
Corsica blocks humid air from West

134
Q

Chianti Classico
What first established the geo and political boundary
3 original territories
First wine types ?

A

Firenza Lega di Chianti 1384
Castellina, Gaiole, Radda
white wines

135
Q

Camigliano Montalcino Zone
loc
Elevation note
temp
style

A

SW corner
lower
warm / dry
lower acid, powerful complex

136
Q

Merlot rank overall

137
Q

Suvereto DOCG
loc

A

SE Val di Cornia

138
Q

Characteristics of Galestro (4) where found (3)

A

Metamorphic, clayey, schist like, flakes
Central– Chianti Ruffina Montalcino

139
Q

What is special about the first zones ?

A

the names were protected

140
Q

Who is credited with making Biondi-Santi famous

A

Tancredi-Santi

141
Q

Is Val di Cornia Rosso DOCG allowed to be varietal

142
Q

Vin Santo Chianti Classico DOC
grapes
sweetness
req for Occhio

A

60% Trebbiano and/or Malvasia
secco abbocato, amabile
sweet only, 80% sangio

143
Q

What did Baron Bertino Ricasoli do?

A

set Chianti formula to 70% sango, 15% Canaiolo, 15% Malvasia

144
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG
Sangio %
Popular %
Blending grapes common
Vessels

A

80% - 100% allowed
90%+
Canaiolo Colorino CS Merlot - any aux from Tuscany allowed
Traditional large Slovenian Oak or Chestnut, some new oak / small becoming common

145
Q

Chianti Fiorentini DOCG
loc
topo
old or new ?

A

south and east of Firenze
large hilly area
long tradition

146
Q

Sangio syns by region

A

Brunello
Prugnolo Gentile - Montpuliciano
Morellino - Scansano
Sangiovese Grosso - broadly
Sangioveto in Chinati Classico

147
Q

Canailo
role
historical role

A

softens sangiovese
Principal red grape

148
Q

Rosso di Montalcino DOC
grape
Loc
Declass allowed ?
release date
oak req ?

A

100% sangio
same as DOCG
yes
Sept 1, year after harvest
none

149
Q

What is the local name for Moscato in Montalcino

A

Moscadello

150
Q

Who is credited with creating the super tuscans

A

Giacomo Tachi

151
Q

Bolgheri Sassacaia DOCG
only assemblage ever

A

85/15 CS/CF

152
Q

Sant’Angelo Scalo
Loc
elevation
temp
style

A

Most Southern
low
hottest / driest
Less complex, lowers acid,high abv, full body

153
Q

Rosso di Montepluciano DOC
Declass ?
Grapes ?
release ?
oak ?

A

yes
same as DOCG
Mar 1
no req

154
Q

The Bando created 4 zones what are they

A

Chinati
Pomino
Carmignano
Val d’Arno di Siena

155
Q

Chianti Classico allowed what %s of Sangio

156
Q

Soil rock formations (2)

A

Galestro
Albarese

157
Q

Who were the ancient wine familes (3)

A

Ricosoli
Frescobaldi
Antinori

158
Q

Italian for edict

159
Q

Maremma shared with ?

160
Q

what is local name for Grechetto in Vin Santo di Montepulciano

A

Pulcinculo

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