TUs - General strike Flashcards
what was the economic situation in GB prior to 1926?
- business leaders cut £12 million weekly from the nation’s wage bill
- British competitiveness did not increase
- wage reductions reduced domestic demand and increased unemployment
- increased competition from USA and Germany meant miners wages were cut again
- (many owners had failed to invest n new and efficient production techniques during ww1)
How did the economic situation prior to 1926 help contribute to the general strike?
- British trade stagnated
- unemployment hit 1 million
- GB returned to gold standard in 1925
- -increased deflation and made economic expansion difficult
- -exports were too expensive meaning more wage cuts
What was red Friday?
- June 1925 mine owners aimed to cut wages by 13% and increase hours from 7 to 8
- GC ordered an embargo to halt coal imports in the vent of a strike
-to prevent a strike, Baldwin backed down, offering a 9 month gov subsidy of £23m to support miners’ wages
when was red friday?
31st July 1925
reversal of collapse of Black Friday
What were the effects of Red Friday?
- bought gov crucial time to organise for future militancy
- encouraged hope or TUs that socialism was near
- Right wing saw RF as a catastrophe - Ramsay MacDonald believed it would encourage revolutionaries and discredit labour
How did the Government prepare for impending conflict with the TUs after Red Friday?
- organised counter strike measures overseen bt the STC
- resources were stockpiled and local networks of volunteers were established
- the OMS and Economic League recruited m/c and u/c volunteers to keep services running
- troops were deployed to sensitive areas
How did the TUs prepare for impending conflict with the Government after Red Friday?
-was completely inactive
-Unions even temporarily refused to grant powers to the GC to call an all-out strike and conduct negotiations
(lack of trust after black Friday)
How did relations worsen in the months leading up to the General Strike?
- The mine owners and miners’ union both rejected the findings of the Samuel Commission
- SC had proposed a temporary reduction of wages by 13.5%, sharing of profits, almgagamtion of smaller mines
- TUC called for continued negotiations
- impasse reached. Owners locked out miners on April 29th 1926 who refused to accept reductions of 10-25%
- TUC called unions to unite
What prompted the TUC to call a strike?
The OMS’s posters looking for recruits
why was the general strike unavoidable?
on May 1 the TUC voted for a general strike to occur on May 3
Baldwin was under pressure from Anti-trade union conservatives, so couldn’t back down and repeat red Friday
TUC could not back down and risk a repeat of black Friday
How were the volunteers deployed to reduce the effects of the strike?
- few of the 300,000 volunteers were needed
- gov formed a body of reserve policemen, wisely avoiding use of armed forces
- local authorities in towns kept resources flowing
Where did the volunteers work?
- 460 worked at docks
- London underground was run by 2000 Cambridge undergraduates
- special constables
How was the media and propaganda used by the government?
- British Gazette was edited by Churchill
- deliberately raised fears of a revolutionary threat
- BBC avoided sympathetic tone to TUs
- British Worker had to reduce publication to 4 pages when Churchill bought all the paper
How widely supported was the strike?
- during 9 days of industrial militancy, 1.75m workers came out to support the million who had been locked out
- Credit to Bevin’s influence
- organisation and scope was limited. Many London power stations remained active (blacklegs)
- On Merseyside 25/92 ships in port left during the strike
Why did the TUC capitulate to the government?
- On May 12 they called off the strike, to avoid appearing as a revolutionary threat and losing general support
- memory of Black Friday sustained pessimism
- Herbert Samuel gave chnace to withdraw
- TUC never really believed wages could be protected