Tungsten arsenal Flashcards
Tungsten lamp
light is created by running electrical current through a tungsten filament until it glows.
Filament is held in an inert gas inside the sealed glass bulb to prevent the filament from simply being incinerated.
Powered by either AC or DC
tungsten halogen lamp
type of incandescent that contains special regenerative elements to prevent deposits of tungsten from blackening the globe
halogen cycle
halogen carries evaporated tungsten back to the filament to be reused. prevents blackening
why are tungsten lamps made of quartz?
the halogen cycle must occur at a high temperature (at least 250 C) quartz can withstand a high temperature
LCL
lamp center length
defines the position of the center of the filament of the lamp, centers it with respect to the reflector, the lens, and other optical elements
why use an alternative globe?
frosted instead of clear glass
different wattage or color temp
globe with lower color temp may have a longer lamp life
what must be true to use diff globe in a fixture
same lamp base
same LCL, lamp center length
fresnel fixture
designed to create wide, even field of light with adjustable intensity and field size
makes clean, hard shadows
named for fresnel lens
has sphericalreflector
globe and reflector mounted together, moved toward or away from the lens
Fresnel lens
refacts the diverging rays of light emitted by the bulb into a controlled beamof light
has the same light bending as a standard plan-convex lens, but compresses the convex curve into jagged steps, making it lighter and thinner, so it retains less heat
back of the lens is frosted or slightly peddled, helps maintain a very even bean, prevents it from projecting an image of the fialment
spherical reflector
gives fresnel its high level of control and even field
reflects light straight back through the bulb
therefore all light eminates from a single point within the fixture
polished reflector- maximizes light output
frosted reflector- maintains even field
FLood/spot on Fresnel
globe and reflector move together
toward the lens, floods, increasing spread and decreasing intensity
away from lens, spots, makes beam narrower and more intense
fresnel beam
Flood- beam even across 40 deg, falls off quickly toward edge. no central hotspot
spotted in- rays become less divergent, more nearly parallel, beam narrows and gets brighter at the center, falling off rapidly at either side
full spot- usable portion 10 deg
throw
distance from light to the subject
greater throw in spot position
usable light in a field
area of light that has an intensity of at least 10% of the peak value
beam/ “working light”
area of light that has an intensity of at least 50% of the peak value
hot spot
bright spot within the beam
cd
candela, unit of luminous intensity(candle power) equal to
cd= foot candles x (distance in feet)^2
where does fresnel make its hardest, most delineated shadows
full flood
the more spotted, the less hard the shadow lines appear
where does fresnel make fuzzier shadows?
full spot
rays are nearly parallel, but some converge slightly and cross one another, creates fuzziness in shadows
fresnel accessories
barndoors, set of scrims, snoot
scrim
stainless steel wire screen used to reduce the intensity of the light
single scrim
loose wire weave, green ring, cuts light by half stop
double scrim
tighter wire weave, red ring, cuts light by full stop
hollywood set
single, two doubles, half-single, half double, gel frame
some have quarter and graduated
half-scrims
affect one half of the beam
used to even out intensity of light as subject moves
gel frame
only holds gels or diffusion for short spans of time
can melt onto scrims
barn doors
control of edges of beam, soft cut
big doors horizontal- chinese
big doors vertical- american
snoot
for a confined, narrow, circular beam
wide- top hat
narrow-stovepipe
some have rings with diff aperture sizes to adjust beam width
top hat
wide snoot
stovepipe
narrow snoot
focal spot
attachment that changes fresnel light into spotlight
creates narrow, bright, even circle
framing shutters
accepts gobos, mattesinterchangeable lenstubes- wide beam and narrow beam
gel ring
shutters
heavy duty louvers or blinds rows of parallel slats that open and close mounted on the front of a light when light needs to change during shot keep far from subject lightning effects
20k fresnel
typically 30 in lens
stand alone dimmer used to bring to full, prevents inrush current from blowing bulb
available in 208, 220, 230, 240 V
match lamp to voltage
ANSI code
American National standards Institute
Bipostal lamp base
most larger fresnels
bayonet base
smaller lamps
installing 2k globes
lights 2000w and larger, screw in base tightens the base around the pins
Open face flood/spot
reflector farther forward, spot
reflector farther back, flood
Access inside of fresnel
1) 1k and up, lens door swings open on a hinge
2) baby-baby, top of housing swings back on hinge
3) top of pepper swings open to one side
4) lens of midhet held in place by metal tab
tilt angle
fresnels should be hung rightside down
larger expensive globes, some tilted within 45 deg of vertical
soft lights
designed to produce diffsued light with less-defined shadows
light from tubular globes directed into white concave reflector, wide,even, uncontrollle spread
used for fill and room ambiance
less light per watt than fresnels
multiple globes switched on and off individuallly
soft light accessories
egg crate- black, metal grid control spill
snoot
gel frame/diffusor frame, front of snoot
usually no scrims
Bag lights
fabric softbox/chimera, acccessory designed to create pleasing soft light by diffusing the light rays and enlarging the size of the source, containing light between fixture and diffusion
Open face lights
fixture without a lens
simpler, less expensive, less refined, beam not clean like a fresnel
light comes from the lam and the reflector, creating a double shadow line
good bounce lights, good for lighting background
prime fixtures, broads, nooklight, portable light kits
Prime fixtures
use a double-ended lamp
round face, adjustable reflector for flood/spot control
barn doors and scrim set
lightweight, durable, high intensity/watt
more controllabe than broads and nook lights
all mount on baby stud
need large barn doors
run very hot, need ventilation
Flood/spot on open face prime fixtures
when the globe is close to the reflector, reflector sends out a wide beam, when globe pulled away form the reflector, reflects more of the rays in a narrower beam
Broad and nook lights
long double-ened bulb and curved or v-shaped reflector
cheap, small, light
PAR lights- PAR reflector
either:
those that use PAR lamp
those that use a single-ended axially mounted lamp in a fixture having a parabolic reflector
lamp filament placed at the focal point of a polished aluminum paraboli reflector, light is projected formt he reflector in parallel rays
rays pass through a spreader lens
punchy, bright beam
the most output per way
1kPAR with very narrow spot lens bright as a 10k fresnel, much smaller beam size
PAR lamps
all optical parts of par light contain ed within the PAR lamp
filament, envelope, lens, reflector one permanently sealed unit
Most common PAR lamp sizes
8 in PAR 64 (500-1000w)
4 1/2 in PAR 36 (usually 650w)
Beam shape, Medium flood and wide lens
elliptical beam, not circular
lamp can be turned to orient the beam
Narrowest, most intense PAR beam
ACL (aircraft landing) light
operate at 28V, can be wired in series in gangs of 4 and connected to 120V
Dichrotic reflector PARs
FAY- dichroic PAR 36
5000K
650w
Par cans
Par lamp mounted at the back of a coffee-can like cylinder, extended snoot and gel frame
typically 10 in gel frame
Types;
PAR 64
PAR 56, 46, 38, 16
Molepars, Master Lite, Cine-queen
PAR 64 lamp housing with earsto hold barn doors and scrims
more spill
Par arrays
1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 lamps most common, nine-light PAR- MaxiBrute rest referred to by number in cluster contain pods of 3-6 pod can be swiveled
Maxi-Brute
9-light 64 PAR array
Dino
24-light PAR 64 array
aka Moleeno
Super Dino
36-light PAR 64 array
Mini-brute
nine-light
smaller PAR 36 nine-light
ARRI Ruby-7
seven PAr 64 globes mounted in a circle than hinges from outside ring. beams can converge, or diverge, or unite in parallel beam
Axially-mounted par fixtures
highest wattage PAR is 1200w
Mole recently axially mounted tungsten lamps, Tungsten Pars- 2k, 5k, 12k, changeable lens
12k par comparable in output to 20k fresnel, 60% less power, 60% less heat
allow adjustment of lamp, but nto really flood spot, for evenness and brightness of beam
SOurce Four Par- ETC
uses HPL 575w (comparable to PAR 64 1000w)
and 750w (brighter than PAR 64 1000w)
3250K 750w, 575w, 375w
also 3050K long life version
VNSP, NSP, MFL, WFL, and XWFL
top hat snoot, gel extender, concentric ring snoot, barn doors
Mac Tech Tungsten
6- 9-, 12- light arrays
axially mounted lamps, reduce weight and lamp cost
aluminum frame
Ellipsoidal Reflector spotlights (ERS)
ellipsoidal, profile spotlight, Leko, Source Four strong throw, versatility, control to light areas of stage can make hard cuts when no room for flags shaped by: shutters- shape beam edges into square gobo slot- gobo pattern iris- shrinks radius of field
Source Four lens- relatinpship between intensity and beam angle
narrower the beam angle, greater the throw and instensity and smaller the field
(fill a screen in limited space, 70 or 90 degree)
(far away, 14, 10, or 5 degree)
Standard Source Four Lenses
5 10 14 19 26 36 50 70 90 15-30 Zoom 25-50 Zoom
EDLT
Enhanced Definition Lens Tube
EDLT Options
Degrees, Lens Diameter and focusl length 19- 6x16 26- 6x12 36- 6x9 50- 4 1/2 x 6
6 in Lens, 9 in focal length
36 degree
6 in lens, 16 in focal length
19 degree
6 in lens, 12 inch focal length
26 degree
4.5 in lens, 6 in focal length
50 degree
Adjusting alignment of Source Four lamp
normally adjusted for even field, but if want to increase center brightness
Outer knob centers lamp
Inner knob adjusts flatness of the field
Flat field
as even a field as possible, all the way to edges
peak field
as bright as possible and less flat
bail block
TVMP, bolts ot he bail in place of pipe clamp and fits baby and junior stands
pigtail adapters
Bates to Edison adapters, for theater lights
Ellipsoidal spotlight accessories
gel drames gobo pattern holders irises Donut EDLT follow spot adaptation- followspot yoke, operating handles
Donut
metal mask slides into gel frame, used to sharpen gobo pattern, clean up color fringes at beam edge
Enhanced definition lens tubes
used for image projection
extremely sharp
increase field lumens and contrast
gobo rotator
fits into iris slot, rotates with 24V motor, animates the fixed gobo
linear gobo fx
fits into iris slot, creates linear patterns with variable speed motor
or large gobo wheel that spins, creating linear effect
color scroller
holds colored gel in a long scroll
sea changer
color engine that uses variavle aoutns of 4 dichroic filters
moving mirror remote
moving mirror, attaches to rear fel slov provides remote control of pan and tilt
daylight source four
source four can be fitted with MSR lamp housing (joker bug and others) to create daylight balanced light source
dedolights
small, compact ficture that use two specially designed lenses
more efficient than fresnel
hard, adjustable beam withe en light across field
punch for long throw
DHL2 model adjustment- 40 deg full flood, 2/5 degree full spot
100w same output as 300w fresnel
DHL2 kit
three 100 or 150w fixtures 100w run on 12V 150w on 24v Power supplies can do 3,4,5 lights at a time High- 3300K max light output Medium- 3200K, medium output Low- 3000k, low light output Directly off 12v batt belt
Dedo 400 series
Larger versions, same technology
Dhl436- 400w runs off power supply at 36v
Low voltage allows small lamp
Power supply can be switch to diff color temp- 3200K 3400K, 3600K
DLH 650
650w runs off the main power with no sep power supply
DLH400D
400w daylight dedo fixture
Dedocool
250w tungsten balanced, small areas but high output, for high shutter speed
Very little heat
Cooling fan for bulb, leave plugged in while it cools
Beam projectors(BP)
Lamp set in front of large parabolic glass mirror
Mirror fills back of unit
Fins/channels in concentric circes around bulb cut side spill
Beam is straight, almost parallel column of light, similar to xenon but not as sharp
Flood/spot widens/concentrates beam slightly (5-15 deg)-sliding lamp base relative to mirror
Field of no slightly uneven- can see magnified image of lamp filament projected on wall
Chicken coops
Hangs on a chain
Six 1000w silver bowl globes(prevent direct light)
Spacelight
6 1k nook lights
1k, 2k, 6k, 12k versions
Socapex input- individually dimmable
Super/maxi coop and space lights
Use par lamps instead of original
4-5x brighter, more directional
Scoop lights and skypans
Exposed bulb mounted in a large reflector
Scoops- 1 or 2k
Skypans- 2k, 5k, 10k, 20k
Cyc strip
Row of open face lights, assymetric reflector, concentrates light where beam has longer throw to light vertical surface evenly
Cyc strips
1,2,3,4 short strip
6,89,12 long strip- wired in groups
Ground row
Cyc strip on the floor
Border lights
Strips of par lights- better throw, more intense beam
Tall cycs
Desisti pinza/lowel K5
Screw socket
Photo floods up to 500w
Also r40
Mr16
Small par lamp 2in diameter MR-multifaceted reflector Can have a Dichroic reflector coating-pull heat out of back, making beam safe for artwork 8deg, 24 deg, 36 deg 20w-100w Color temps Lee filters accessories for MR16 lamps- gwl holders louveres barn doors, lenses
Bipin mr16
Diff pin spacing, many are 12v
Stickup kits
Small open face, taped or clipped
100w, 200w, 120v bayonet or 100w 12v(good for domelight
Insulated with refracil
