Tune Up #1 pt. 3 Flashcards
Gumpoldskirchen is a village in the Thermenregion that is well known for which grapes?
Rotgipfler||-Only in the Thermenregion can appropriate growing conditions with respect to climate and soil be found. Warm south-facing vineyard sites with good calcareous-based soils are necessary, otherwise shoot growth diminishes significantly.||-Traminer x Roter Veltliner
Zierfandler is traditionally blended with what grape, and vinified as ‘Spätrot-Rotgipfler’?
Rotgipfler||-either as a blend of the two varieties after fermentation, or if planted together in the vineyard, as a co-ferment
What grape is traditionally blended with Rotgipfler, and vinified as ‘Spätrot-Rotgipfler’?
Zierfandler||-either as a blend of the two varieties after fermentation, or if planted together in the vineyard, as a co-ferment||-a rarity of the Thermenregion and grown almost exclusively there.
Rotgipfler is a cross of which two grapes?
Roter Veltliner x Savagnin
What grape is a cross of Roter Veltliner x Savagnin?
Rotgipfler||-With strict yield control, the wine shows a high extract content, pleasant acidity and a fine bouquet. It tends to age slowly and is mostly produced as a single-varietal wine, but also blended with the variety Zierfandler.
Where in Austria are the best expressions of Sauvignon Blanc?
Südsteiermark DAC
Scheurebe is a crossing of what grapes?
Riesling x Bukettraube||-Between 1999 and 2015, the variety’s total vineyard surface in Austria dropped, therefore, its importance is in decline.
What grape is a crossing of Riesling x Bukettraube?
Scheurebe||-Bred by Georg Scheu as a “Sämling”, or seedling, from Riesling and Bukettraube at the Landesanstalt für Rebenzüchtung in Alzey. Scheu numbered all of his young plants consecutively, and this particular one was Seedling Number 88 - thus the name Sämling 88
Where is Sämling 88 (Scheurebe) most often planted in Austria?
Burgenland||-At Lake Neusiedl, TBA, Strohwein and Schilfwein styles are vinified.
What are the 3 Traminer grapes used in Austria?
Roter Traminer|Gelber Traminer |Gewürztraminer||-if a producer just puts Traminer on the label it is likely Gewürztraminer.
If an Austrian producer just puts Traminer on the label it is likely what grape?
Gewürztraminer
Other than Gewürztraminer, what other “Traminer” grapes are widely planted in Austria?
Roter Traminer|Gelber Traminer ||-Vulkanland is particularly well-known for Traminer
Which region in Austria is particularly well-suited to the “Traminer” grapes?
Vulkanland Steiermark DAC||*|Roter Traminer|Gelber Traminer |Gewürztraminer||-if a producer just puts Traminer on the label it is likely Gewürztraminer.||-Overall, however, the variety’s representation in vineyards is decreasing.
Weissburgunder is an important grape in which two Austrian regions?
Vulkanland Steiermark DAC|Leithaberg DAC||-Prieler has 70 year old vines
Which producer is famous for their 70 year old Pinot Blanc vines in the Leithaberg DAC?
Prieler
Which grape dominates a lot of Buschenschank wine lists around Vienna?
Welschriesling
Why is Welschriesling the favorite grape of many Austrian TBA producers?
Small berries|Thin skins||-grapes are very good for production of sparkling wine, but also excellent for Prädikatwein||-requires early-warming sites and soils with an ample supply of magnesium
Zierfandler is sometimes known by what name and why?
Spätrot|-“rot”-> red |-the berries take on a reddish hue when fully ripe.
Between Zierfandler and Rotgipfler, which grape ripens later?
Zierfandler ripens two weeks later than Rotgipfler.||-Zierfandler is suceptible to botrytis
Why was Blauburger created by Professor Fritz Zweigelt?
So producers in traditionally white wine regions, could make red wine.||-made for regions that had problems ripening red grapes.
Which red grape was created by Professor Fritz Zweigelt so producers in traditionally white wine regions, could make red wine?
Blauburger||-made for regions that had problems ripening red grapes.
The Blauer Portugieser, as its name suggests, originates from Portugal where it is identical with what grape?
Português Azul||-brought to Vöslau in the Thermenregion in 1770 by the Baron of Fries
Português Azul is known by what name in Austria?
Blauer Portugieser||-brought to Vöslau in the Thermenregion in 1770 by the Baron of Fries
The Blauer Portugieser grape is important in which Austrian regions?
Thermenregion|northwestern Weinviertel||-susceptibility to winter frost, Botrytis, oidium and peronospora make production difficult.
Blauer Zimmettraube and Weißer Heunisch were naturally crossed to make which grape?
Blaufränkisch||-previously widely-planted throughout the Habsburg Monachy, and is the most important variety in Mittelburgenland.
Blaufränkisch is a cross of which two grapes?
Blauer Zimmettraube|Weißer Heunisch
Blaufränkisch has been used as a crossing partner for which 4 prominent Austrian grapes?
Zweigelt|Blauburger|Roesler|Rathay
Which Austrian region is also known as “Blaufränkischland”?
Mittelburgenland
What is the most important grape in Eisenberg, Mittelburgenland, and Leithaberg?
Blaufränkisch
Blaufränkisch is required to be the focus of red wines for which Burgenland regions?
Eisenberg DAC|Leithaberg DAC|Mittelburgenland DAC||*|Neusiedlersee DAC - Zweigelt |Rosalia DAC - Zweigelt/Blaufränkisch
Which region in Burgenland is known to produce the fullest bodied and dark styles of Blaufränkisch?
Mittelburgenland||-Moric|-Leithaberg DAC and Carnuntum DAC are known for much lighter more elegant styles.
Who makes the “Spitzerberg” Blaufränkisch from the Carnuntum DAC?
Dorli Muhr||-Spitzerberg comes from a single, old vine Blaufränkisch vineyard||-where Dirk Niepoort is involved, the emphasis is on elegance rather than power.
What is the name of Dorli Muhr’s top Blaufränkisch?
Spitzerberg||-Carnuntum||-Spitzerberg comes from a single, old vine Blaufränkisch vineyard||-a wine where Dirk Niepoort is involved, the emphasis is on elegance rather than power
What are the two synonyms for Pinot Noir used in Austria?
Blauburgunder|Blauer Spätburgunder
Blauburgunder is the Austrian name for which grape?
Pinot Noir
Why was the Roesler grape made and where is it mostly planted?
-high resistance against fungal diseases ||-develops very dark color so it is good for Austrian blends||*Traisental DAC
What is the name of the grape that was created in 1970 for its high resistance against fungal disease and dark color and is mostly planted in the Traisental DAC?
Roesler||-New breed from Blauer Zweigelt x Klosterneuburg 1189-9-77 (= Seyve Villard 18-402 x Blaufränkisch)
Tattendorf is a village in which region that is known for having the oldest vines of St. Laurent?
Thermenregion||-Its growth increased noticeably between 1999 and 2015||-planted in the 50’s
What is the name of the village in the Thermenregion that is famous for having the oldest vines of St. Laurent?
Tattendorf||-Its growth increased noticeably between 1999 and 2015||-planted in the 50’s
How did the St. Laurent grape get its name?
St. Laurent was named after St. Lawrence’s Day - August 10th - the day when the grapes begin to change color.
The village of Tattendorf in the Thermenregion is famous for having the oldest vines of which grape?
St. Laurent||-1950’s
Which Austrian grape variety belongs to the Pinot family, and is commonly planted in the Thermenregion?
St. Laurent||-never develops high sugar or alcohol.
Why is Brettanomyces a common problem for the St. Laurent grape?
It naturally has a high pH.
What is the name of the non-vinifera hybrid that is popular in the Eisenberg DAC for sparkling wine?
Uhudler||-not just one grape, but refers to any ungrafted (American) vine.||-can be made from Concord, Delaware, Elvira und Ripatella||-Because of the enormous aggravation of the Austrian wine law due to the wine scandals of the middle of the 1980s, Uhudler was forbidden. This situation continued up to the beginning of the 1990s. During this time thousand of litres of Uhudler (particularly in Südburgenland) were destroyed by wine cellar supervisors.
What Austrian name refers to any ungrafted (American) vine and is popular in the Eisenberg DAC for sparkling wine?
Uhudler||-can be made from Concord, Delaware, Elvira und Ripatella||-Because of the enormous aggravation of the Austrian wine law due to the wine scandals of the middle of the 1980s, Uhudler was forbidden. This situation continued up to the beginning of the 1990s. During this time thousand of litres of Uhudler (particularly in Südburgenland) were destroyed by wine cellar supervisors.
Why is Zweigelt much easier to grow compared to other grapes?
Ripens easily & early|Not susceptible to disease or frost|Generous yields||-The wine spectrum ranges from young-drinking, non-wood-matured versions to strong, firm wines from the barrique.
Which 5 regions of the Niederösterreich have a lot in common in terms of preferred grapes?
Wachau|Kremstal DAC|Kamptal DAC|Traisental DAC|Wagram||-They all excel with GV & Riesling
What are the two most important villages in the Thermenregion?
Gumpoldskirchen - Rotgipfler & Zierfandler plantings||Tattendorf - oldest vines of St. Laurent
What are the two basic soil types found in the western Niederösterreich region?
-Thin soils over primary rock like granite and gniess||-Loess (wind-driven sand)||*The wind comes from the Alps which is why loess tends to build up on the eastern sides of the hills.
Why does loess tend to build up on the eastern sides of the hills in the western Niederösterreich regions?
The wind comes from the Alps which is why loess tends to build up on the eastern sides of the hills.
What are the two most important reasons as to why Riesling is well suited to the top of hills in the western Niederösterreich regions of Austria?
Needs less water|Does not need a lot of topsoil
Between Wachau, Kremstal, and Kamptal, which region has significantly less loess soil than the others?
Wachau
From 1995 to 2007 Austria’s Donauland wine-growing area was comprised of what two sub-areas?
Wagram north of the Danube river||Klosterneuburg south of the Danube||-in order to avoid a splintering of the Austrian wine landscape, the decision to change the name of the entire area from Donauland to Wagram was made.
When was Austria’s Donauland wine-growing area comprised of two sub-areas: Wagram north of the Danube river, and Klosterneuburg south of the Danube?
1995 to 2007||-in order to avoid a splintering of the Austrian wine landscape, the decision to change the name of the entire area from Donauland to Wagram was made.
Which two regions in Niederösterreich are best known for their red wines?
Carnuntum DAC|Thermenregion
Which DAC in Niederösterreich may only produce Grüner Veltliner?
Weinviertel DAC
What is the name of the Austrian grower association that launched the vineyard classification program for Kamptal, Kremstal, Traisental, and Wagram?
Österreichischen Traditionsweingüter||-eventually added Carnuntum & Wein
Which regions of Niederösterreich by law can only produce GV or Riesing?
Kremstal DAC|Kamptal DAC|Traisental DAC
Why is the Carnuntum region cooler than the regions of Burgenland?
Cooling influence from the Weinviertel hills||-same sunlight hours as Burgenland
What is Rubin Carnuntum?
A red wine created by a group of 25 producers in 1992 when Carnuntum became its own region.||-started as a blend or varietal Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch, but now it must be only Zweigelt||Requirements for participation are the attainment of a minimum must weight of 18° KMW (around 88° Oechsele) or a minimum alcohol of 12.5% - and passing the scrutiny of an annual tasting panel.||Rubin Carnuntum wines are presented with the region’s symbol, the Heidentor, on the capsule.
What is the only grape that may be used for the production of Rubin Carnuntum?
Zweigelt||-thrives in the favourable microclimate of the Leitha Range and the Danube meadows.||-Rubin Carnuntum wines are presented with the region’s symbol, the Heidentor, on the capsule.
What are the four most important requirements for making a Rubin Carnuntum wine?
-100% Zweigelt|-minimum must weight of 18° KMW|-minimum alcohol of 12.5%|-annual tasting panel
What is the name of the Zweigelt wine from Carnuntum where producers must obtain 18° KMW,12.5% abv, and approval from a tasting panel?
Rubin Carnuntum||-started as a blend or varietal Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch, but now it must be only Zweigelt||-Rubin Carnuntum wines are presented with the region’s symbol, the Heidentor, on the capsule.
Name some of the major villages of Carnuntum DAC.
Göttlesbrunn|Arbesthal|Höflein|Petronell|Prellenkirchen
The region of Carnuntum extends east of Vienna to Austria’s border with what country?
Slovakia
The Leitha Range, Arbesthal Hill Country and the Hainburger Mountains influence which Austrian region?
Carnuntum||-Heavy soils of loam and loess with sandy-gravelly layers offer optimum conditions, especially for the red varieties.
The Leitha Range is just to the south of which Austrian region?
Carnuntum||-Heavy soils of loam and loess with sandy-gravelly layers offer optimum conditions, especially for the red varieties.
Which hill/vineyard is well known for some of the best Blaufränkisch in the Carnuntum DAC?
Spitzerberg||-even though Zweigelt is more common in the region||-located in the village of Prellenkirchen||-The Spitzerberg is an old vineyard site, one which has excited much attention once more in the past ten years. The mountain lies like a cliff before the Brucker Pforte, so directly in the path of the dry and hot air masses from out of the southeast, which gives it a unique microclimate, and above all stimulates the late-ripening variety Blaufränkisch to a very unique expression.
Why is the Spitzerberg hill/vineyard well suited to Blaufränkisch when most of the Carnuntum DAC is planted to Zweigelt?
The Spitzerberg is an old vineyard site, which lies like a cliff before the Brucker Pforte, so directly in the path of the dry and hot air masses from out of the southeast, which gives it a unique microclimate, and above all stimulates the late-ripening variety Blaufränkisch.||-The vines continue to thrive on loose sediments, sand, granite gneiss and mica schist. This unique Blaufränkisch terroir, completely absent of loam, is found nowhere else in Austria.||-located in the village of Prellenkirchen
Which term indicates a “regional” wine in the Carnuntum DAC?
Gebietswein
Which term indicates a “village” wine in the Carnuntum DAC?
Ortswein
Which term indicates a “single-vineyard” wine in the Carnuntum DAC?
Riedenwein
What does the term “Riedenwein” indicate on a wine from Carnuntum DAC?
single-vineyard
What does the term “Ortswein” indicate on a wine from Carnuntum DAC?
village wine
What does the term “Gebietswein” indicate on a wine from Carnuntum DAC?
regional wine
The Spitzerberg hill/vineyard is located within which village in the Carnuntum DAC?
Prellenkirchen
Which white grapes are permitted single-variety wines in the Carnuntum DAC?
Grüner Veltliner|Weissburgunder|Chardonnay||-Blending:|Single variety wines contain only the varieties listed above|Blends contain at least 66% listed varieties with Qualitätswein varieties making up the balance
Which red grapes are permitted single-variety wines in the Carnuntum DAC?
Zweigelt|Blaufränkisch||-Blending:|Single variety wines contain only the varieties listed above|Blends contain at least 66% listed varieties with Qualitätswein varieties making up the balance
If a wine from the Carnuntum DAC is a single-variety wine it must contain only the grapes stated by the DAC, but what is the rule for blends from Carnuntum DAC?
Blends contain at least 66% listed varieties with Qualitätswein varieties making up the balance
What is the “Pyramid of Origin” that exists in the Carnuntum DAC?
Gebietswein (regional wine)|Ortswein (village wine)|Riedenwein (single-vineyard wine)
When was the Carnuntum DAC established?
2019
Which village in the Wachau is known to be the coolest?
Spitz
Which village in the Wachau is known to be the warmest?
Mautern
Which Austrian is credited with developing the principles of biodynamic agriculture?
Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)||- an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect, economist, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant.||-In 1924, a group of farmers concerned about the future of agriculture requested Steiner’s help. Steiner responded with a lecture series on an ecological and sustainable approach to agriculture that increased soil fertility without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Steiner’s agricultural ideas promptly spread and were put into practice internationally and biodynamic agriculture is now practiced in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia.
Biodynamic wine production uses organic farming methods while also employing soil supplements prepared according to who’s formulas?
Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)||- an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect, economist, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant.||-In 1924, a group of farmers concerned about the future of agriculture requested Steiner’s help. Steiner responded with a lecture series on an ecological and sustainable approach to agriculture that increased soil fertility without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Steiner’s agricultural ideas promptly spread and were put into practice internationally and biodynamic agriculture is now practiced in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia.
When did a group of Austrian farmers concerned about the future of agriculture request Rudolf Steiner’s help?
1924||-an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect, economist, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant.||-In 1924, a group of farmers concerned about the future of agriculture requested Steiner’s help. Steiner responded with a lecture series on an ecological and sustainable approach to agriculture that increased soil fertility without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Steiner’s agricultural ideas promptly spread and were put into practice internationally and biodynamic agriculture is now practiced in Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia.
Rudolf Steiner made what contribution to agriculture?
Developed the principles of biodynamic agriculture.
Who was the longstanding head of the Austrian Wine Marketing Board from 2007 to 2019 and helped lead Austria out of the shadow of the scandal that blighted it in the late ’80s?
Willi Klinger
What role did Willi Klinger play in leading Austria out of the shadow of the scandal that blighted it in the late ’80s?
He was the longstanding head of the Austrian Wine Marketing Board from 2007 to 2019.
Where in Austria is “Morillon” the preferred name for Chardonnay?
Styria
What is the synonym for Chardonnay used in Styria?
Morillon
What is the name of the most important grower organization in Steiermark?
STK||-Steirische Terroir & Klassik
Which term is often used to indicate a single vineyard on a bottle of Austrian wine?
Ried
What was the first vintage of Weinviertel DAC Reserve wines?
2009
Which regions in Niederösterreich are allowed to produce “Reserve” wines?
Kremstal DAC|Kamptal DAC|Traisental DAC|Weinviertel DAC||-the only DAC of Niederösterreich not permitted is Carnuntum DAC
What are the only DACs of Niederösterreich that do not permit a “Reserve” style?
Carnuntum DAC|Wachau DAC
Which DAC of Niederösterreich is only allowed to produce Grüner Veltliner?
Weinviertel DAC
List the DAC of Niederösterreich in the order in which the DAC were established.
Weinviertel DAC (2002)|Traisental DAC (2006)|Kremstal DAC (2007)|Kamptal DAC (2008)|Carnuntum DAC (2019)|Wachau DAC (2020)
When was the Weinviertel DAC established?
2002||-first DAC
When was the Traisental DAC established?
2006
When was the Kremstal DAC established?
2007
When was the Kamptal DAC established?
2008
What was the most recent Austrian DAC established?
Carnuntum DAC (2019)
What are the 2 regions of Niederösterreich that do not have a DAC?
Thermenregion|Wagram
Carnuntum and Thermenregion are both located within which Austrian main climate zone?
Pannonian Area
Which regions of Niederösterreich are located in the Pannonian Area climate zone?
Carnuntum|Thermenregion
What type of Austrian wine is made with grapes dried on reeds?
schilfwein
What type of Austrian wine is made with grapes dried on straw?
strohwein
From 2011 to 2015, what was the most challenging vintage in Austria?
2014
List the following villages in order from westernmost to easternmost. ||Mautern|Weissenkirchen|Spitz|Dürnstein
Spitz|Weissenkirchen|Dürnstein|Mautern
Schloss Gobelsberg is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kamptal
Bründlmayer is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kamptal
Brandl is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kamptal
Hirsch is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kamptal
Hiedler is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kamptal
Stadt Krems is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kremstal
Nigl is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kremstal
Salomon Undhof is a producer in which Austrian region?
Kremstal
Markus Huber is a producer in which Austrian region?
Traisental
Ludwig Neumayer is a producer in which Austrian region?
Traisental
Dorli Muhr is a producer in which Austrian region?
Carnuntum
Gerhard Markowitsch is a producer in which Austrian region?
Carnuntum
Glatzer is a producer in which Austrian region?
Carnuntum
Stift Klosterneuburg is a producer in which Austrian region?
Wagram
Bernhard Ott is a producer in which Austrian region?
Wagram
Wimmer-Czerny is a producer in which Austrian region?
Wagram
Leth is a producer in which Austrian region?
Wagram
Krutzler is a producer in which Austrian region?
Eisenberg
Uwe Schiefer is a producer in which Austrian region?
Eisenberg
Wachter-Wiesler is a producer in which Austrian region?
Eisenberg
Moric is a producer in which Austrian region?
Mittelburgenland
Gesellmann is a producer in which Austrian region?
Mittelburgenland
Wellanschitz is a producer in which Austrian region?
Mittelburgenland
J. Heinrich is a producer in which Austrian region?
Mittelburgenland
Iby is a producer in which Austrian region?
Mittelburgenland
Franz Weninger is a producer in which Austrian region?
Mittelburgenland
Weingut Tement is a producer in which Austrian region?
Südsteiermark
Polz is a producer in which Austrian region?
Südsteiermark
Sattlerhof is a producer in which Austrian region?
Südsteiermark
Franz Strohmeier is a producer in which Austrian region?
Weststeiermark
Weingut Langmann is a producer in which Austrian region?
Weststeiermark
Jobstl is a producer in which Austrian region?
Weststeiermark
What is the only region in Burgenland that does not have a “Reserve” style?
Leithaberg DAC
Which regions in Burgenland can be “Reserve”?
Eisenberg DAC|Neusiedlersee DAC|Rosalia DAC|Mittelburgenland DAC||-all except Leithaberg DAC
What are the political districts that make up the Eisenberg DAC?
Oberwart|Güssing|Jennersdor
What is Hauersekt.?
Austria’s best single-varietal, estate-grown sparkling wines.||-Austria’s attempt to define high quality Sekt.||–In Germany, the corresponding term is Winzersekt.
What is an anbaugebiet?
A major growing region
State the 6 Prädikat levels for Prädikate wines from lowest to highest sugar levels.
- Kabinett|- Spätlese|- Auslese|- Beerenauslese (BA)|- Eiswein|- Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)
Discuss the term Erste Lage
• Prior to 2012, top level VDP (now, top is ‘Grosse Lage’)|• Each regional VDP will define taste profiles that are:|”optimal for reflecting a vineyard sites terroir”|• Term once applied only to Mosel wines|• Now ‘umbrella’ term denoting wine from all regions
Define the term Halbtrocken
half-dry =<18g sugar/litre (w/10g/l acidity)
Define the term Trocken
dry up to 9g sugar/litre (w/ >2g/l of acidity)
Define gutsabfüllung
estate bottled
What is süssreserve?
sterilized grape juice used to sweeten wines
What is the name of the slate in Mosel?
Devonian Slate
What is Edelfäule?
Noble Rot
When was the first official Eiswein released?
1858
What is the synonym for Pinot Meunier
Schwarzriesling
What is the Öchsle range for Kabinett wine?
70-85°||-The above values are not absolute ranges—minimum must requirements vary by region and variety.
What is the Öchsle range for Spätlese wine?
80-95°||-The above values are not absolute ranges—minimum must requirements vary by region and variety.
What is the Öchsle range for Auslese wine?
88-105°||-The above values are not absolute ranges—minimum must requirements vary by region and variety.
What is the Öchsle range for Beerenauslese wine?
110-128°||-The above values are not absolute ranges—minimum must requirements vary by region and variety.
What is the Öchsle range for Trockenbeerenauslese wine?
150-154°||-The above values are not absolute ranges—minimum must requirements vary by region and variety.
What is the Öchsle range for Eiswein wine?
110-128°||-The above values are not absolute ranges—minimum must requirements vary by region and variety.
What does VDP stand for?
Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter
Who brought Vitis vinifera to Germany?
Romans
What is the largest wall-enclosed vineyard in Germany?
Steinberg
What ended the Church’s influence in German viticulture?
Ended by Napoleon, who established his Civil Code after defeating Germany—then known as the Holy Roman Empire—and annexing all German lands west of the Rhine for France in the late 18th century. All of the Church’s vineyard holdings were secularized in 1803.
What were the 3 major changes that occurred with the German Wine Law of 1971?
(1) a new classification system based on the amount of sugar in grapes or wine must|(2) a new wine registry or reorganization of vineyards|(3) a prohibition on numerous items that previously had been commonplace on wine labels
What research institute is responsible for creating many of the crossings that were created to improve ripening and disease resistance in Germany?
Geisenheim Wine Institute|-in the Rheingau|-founded in 1872
When was Müller-Thurgau created?
1882|-Geisenheim Wine Institute|-displaced Silvaner in the late 1960s to become Germany’s most planted grape|-Riesling x Madeleine Royale
Müller-Thurgau is a cross of what two grapes?
Riesling x Madeleine Royale
Scheurebe is a cross of what two grapes?
Buckettrebe x Riesling|-one of the few to show real quality potential
What is the most prominent German red crossing?
Dornfelder|-currently the country’s second most planted red grape
What is “Liebfraumilch”?
Became the face of German wine to the outside world—in the 1980s, over 60% of all German vinous exports had Liebfraumilch printed on the label. The sweet, cheap, characterless beverage was a resounding commercial success, but almost singlehandedly destroyed the image of German wine internationally. Although it is usually produced from Müller-Thurgau, Liebfraumilch cannot carry a grape name on the label, and it may be blended from vineyards throughout Rheinhessen, Nahe, Rheingau, and the Pfalz—not a recipe for typicity or complexity.
Name the 13 anbaugebiete of Germany.
Ahr|Baden|Franken|Hessische-Bergstrasse|Mittelrhein|Mosel|Nahe|Pfalz|Rheingau|Rheinhessen|Saale-Unstrut|Sachsen|Württemberg
True or false, grapes harvested at higher must weights may be declassified to a lower prädikat level?
True|-a common phenomenon in the warmer vintages of recent years, when many Riesling grapes picked at Spätlese ripeness have been released as Kabinett instead
What is the name of the number that all Prädikatswein wine must carry?
Amtliche Prüfungsnummer |-“AP number”|-a series of five sets of numbers indicating that the wine has been approved by a tasting panel
What scale is used to classify Prädikatswein based on the quantity of sugar in the must?
Öchsle scale|-Each anbaugiete has its own minimum requirements for each authorized grape; thus, the minimum required for each prädikat level is expressed as a range (see the table below). There is no maximum.
What is the German term for noble rot?
edelfäule
What is the minimum alcohol level for Prädikatswein?
7%|-5.5% for Beerenauslese, TBA, and Eiswein wines
Sekt may be labeled as QbA under what conditions?
If it is produced from traditional grapes grown in one of the thirteen anbaugebiete of Germany.|-Most Sekt, or German sparkling wine, is made at the Deutscher Wein level of quality and is produced by the Charmat method
What was the original name and goal of the Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter or VDP?
Founded in 1910 as the Verband Deutscher Naturweinversteigerer, the organization originally strove to promote unchaptalized natur wines, principally through wine auctions. When the 1971 Wine Law abolished the use of the term natur and created the category of QbA, for which chaptalization is legal, the organization rewrote its internal constitution to promote superior standards while respecting new labeling laws and changed its name to the VDP.
What is the name of the organization created in 1984 that was formed to advance the classic, dry style of Rheingau Riesling?
Charta|-represented the first major attempt by producers to validate dry wines within a system that only rewards sugar|-Charta did not have as significant of an effect as its founders may have wanted, and today only a handful of producers remain committed to the concept
What are the 4 VDP levels of quality that are intended to correspond with Burgundy’s system of quality?
Grosse Lage: “Grand Cru” Wines (max. 50 hl/ha)|Erste Lage: “Premier Cru” Wines (max. 60 hl/ha)|Ortswein: Village Wines (max. 75 hl/ha)|Gutswein: Regional Wines (max. 75 hl/ha)
What is Germany’s second most planted red grape?
Dornfelder
Describe the Erste Lage symbol and what bottles are permitted to have it on their labels?
a “1” followed by a cluster of grapes|-from 2012 onward, Erste Lage will indicate sites of premier cru stature.
What is a Amtliche Prüfungsnummer (AP Number)?
A series of five sets of numbers indicating that the wine has been approved by a tasting panel. In the series, the first number refers to the region where the wine was tested, the second set of numbers refers to the commune in which the wine was bottled, the third set of numbers is the bottler’s code, the fourth set of numbers is a unique code for the bottling, and the final two numbers indicate the year in which the application was filed.
Where in Germany is the Goldkapsel typically used and what does it indicate?
Mosel producers use the goldkapsel to indicate reserve levels of sweetness.
What is Bocksbeutel and where is it typically found?
Squat, flask-shaped bottles|-from Franken
What is the synonym for Pinot Gris in Germany?
Grauburgunder
What is the synonym for Pinot Blanc in Germany?
Weissburgunder
What is the synonym for Pinot Noir in Germany?
Spätburgunder
What is the synonym for Grauburgunder?
Pinot Gris
Who introduced the cultivation of Riesling and Pinot Noir to Germany?
Cistercian Monks||-Germanic tribes adopted the culture of the vine, Charlemagne’s Franks spread viticulture east of the Rhine in the late 8th century, and monastic orders of the church acted as its custodians through the medieval period and into the modern age. Just as in Burgundy, many of Germany’s greatest vineyards were first devised and planted by monks
When did vineyard ownership in Germany migrate to the private sector completely?
In the aftermath of the French Revolution, which inspired liquidation of church holdings in Germany by the early 1800s, and a golden era for German wine dawned.
In the 1800’s the name “Hock,”was used for what kind of wine?
Used to indicate wines from the Middle Rhine||-expanded to become a generic term for German wines. A classic British list of the day may have offered Claret, Port, Sherry, Hock, and eventually Moselle—by the end of the 1800s, fruity and crisp white wines from the Mosel River region evolved as a category distinct from generic Hock.
What was the most damaging aspect of the 1971 German Wine Law?
It annihilated or aggregated many of the country’s Einzellagen (individual vineyard sites). The law compacted the number of recognized single vineyards from 30,000 to around 2,700. As a reaction to the seemingly limitless procession of vineyards appearing on even ordinary wine labels by the 1960s
What were the two German wine categories that were created with the 1971 Germany Wine Law?
-Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiet (literally, “quality wine from a growing region”)(QbA)||- Tafelwein (“table wine”)||*given Germany’s special circumstances, the 1971 law added a third tier, Qualitätswein mit Prädikat (QmP), as a subset within the (QbA).
What does “QmP” stand for?
Qualitätswein mit Prädikat||-QbA and QmP became traditional terms under the eyes of the law, and Germany took the opportunity to (mercifully) shorten the category names to Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein. Tafelwein evolved into Wein.
What does “QbA” stand for?
Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiet|-(literally, “quality wine from a growing region”)|-QbA and QmP became traditional terms under the eyes of the law, and Germany took the opportunity to (mercifully) shorten the category names to Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein. Tafelwein evolved into Wein.
How many sets of digits is included with each A.P. number?
5|-(1) the location of the examination board, (2) the village in which the wine was produced, (3) the producer, (4) the unique number of the bottling, and (5) the year in which the wine was tested
What does the first set of numbers in the Germany AP number refer to?
The location of the examination board.
What does the second set of numbers in the Germany AP number refer to?
The village in which the wine was produced.
What does the third set of numbers in the Germany AP number refer to?
The producer.
What does the forth set of numbers in the Germany AP number refer to?
The unique number of the bottling.
What does the fifth set of numbers in the Germany AP number refer to?
The year in which the wine was tested.|-typically one calendar year after the vintage
For the German AP numbers, which set of numbers would tell you the location of the examination board?
1st set
For the German AP numbers, which set of numbers would tell you the village in which the wine was produced?
2nd set
For the German AP numbers, which set of numbers would tell you the number assigned to the specific producer?
3rd set
For the German AP numbers, which set of numbers would tell you the unique number of the bottling?
4th set
For the German AP numbers, which set of numbers would tell you the year in which the wine was tested?
5th set|-typically one calendar year after the vintage
When was the “Landwein” category introduced to German wine law?
1982
When was Eiswein designated as an independent Prädikat level in Germany?
1982
How many Anbaugebiete were originally designated in 1971?
11||-(after the country’s reunification, 2 were added to the original 11)
How many Anbaugebiete are there in Germany?
13
When did Germany’s 13 Anbaugebiete formally become PDOs?
late 2000s|-Under the EU-wide CMO reforms on wine|-In German, a protected designation of origin is known, as a geschützte Ursprungsbezeichnung (gU). QbA and QmP became traditional terms under the eyes of the law, and Germany took the opportunity to (mercifully) shorten the category names to Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein. Tafelwein evolved into Wein.
What are the four German categories of wine today?
- Wein|2 Landwein|3. Qualitätswein|4. Prädikatswein
Are vintage and grape variety permitted on the label of a wine in the German “Wein” category?
Yes|-this category carries no geographic designation, although wines may be labeled as Deutscher Wein if produced from German grapes.
What are the important aspects of the German “Wein” category?
Formerly Tafelwein, this category carries no geographic designation, although wines may be labeled as Deutscher Wein if produced from German grapes. Variety and vintage are permitted on the label.
What are the important aspects of the German “Landwein” category?
An IGP category including trocken and halbtrocken wines produced from any of 26 winegrowing regions, known as Landweingebiete.
How many “Landweingebiete” exist in Germany?
26|-Only used for the IGP category of “Landwein”
What are the two “PDO” categories in Germany?
Qualitätswein|Prädikatswein
What is the minimum alcohol content for the German Qualitätswein category?
7%|-rather than the minimum 8.5% mandated by European law|-Beerenauslese on up, the minimum is reduced to 5.5%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Beerenauslese, Eiswein, and Trockenbeerenauslese?
5.5%|-7% for the other levels and 8.5% for the rest of Europe
Which German wine PDO category is a subset of Qualitätswein, encompassing all of the country’s best sweet wines?
Prädikatswein||-The lower Prädikate require a minimum 7% acquired alcohol; from Beerenauslese on up, the minimum is reduced to 5.5%.
What does the term “Classic” mean on a German wine label?
Classic wines are considered “harmoniously dry,” with a maximum residual sugar content of 15 g/l||-single varietal wines and omit any mention of a vineyard on the label. They show a superior minimum alcohol content of 12% (11.5% in the Mosel)||*New legally sanctioned terms debuted in 2000, including “Classic” and “Selection,” which were intended to replace halbtrocken and trocken, respectively. (Neither really caught on.)
What does the term “Selection” mean on a German wine label?
Selection wines are “superior dry” with a maximum residual sugar content of 9 g/l (12 g/l allowed for Riesling).||-single vineyard wines from a single variety. Must weight for Selection wines must be equivalent to Auslese, and vineyards are hand-harvested. May not be released prior to September 1 of the year following harvest.||*New legally sanctioned terms debuted in 2000, including “Classic” and “Selection,” which were intended to replace halbtrocken and trocken, respectively. (Neither really caught on.)
As of the close of 2017, how many producers are members of the Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter or VDP?
197||-German producers dedicated to high quality, the preservation of a sense of place, and those grape varieties traditionally cultivated within each winegrowing region.
What are the 5 most important restrictions the VDP imposes on their members?
-Higher minimum must weights and lower maximum yields than permitted by German law|-All wines must be estate grown|-Hand-harvesting is required for all single vineyard wines and for any Prädikat wines of Auslese level or above|-Members must cultivate a minimum 80% of traditional grape varieties, from selections drawn by each regional association|-VDP prohibits using the Grosslagen of 1971 on their labels. (Out with Grosslagen; long live Grosse Lage.)
What is the name of the VDP logo that must appear on all of the bottle capsules produced my their members?
Traubenadler
What is a Traubenadler?
VDP logo
When was the VDP founded?
1910 ||-as the Verband Deutscher Naturweinversteigerer, promoting unchaptalized or “natur” wines. This changed to the VDP after the 1971 Wine Law forbade the use of “natur” on labels.
When did the VDP start work on its own vineyard classification, using old tax registries and Napoleonic maps to rediscover parcels gerrymandered out of existence?
1984|-A focus on terroir expression as an indivisible part of superior wine quality took hold in the 1990s. In 2002, the project culminated with the launch of a formal, yet extralegal, three-tier vineyard classification system.
What is the Burgundy equivalent to the VDP category of “Gutswein”?
Regional|-i.e. “Bourgogne Rouge”
What is the “regional” category within the VDP framework?
Gutswein||-Typically, the only statement of origin provided for Gutswein is the name of the Anbaugebiet, often accompanied by a fantasy name.
What is the “village” category within the VDP framework?
Ortswein||-Product of multiple vineyards in a single gemeinden and is typically labeled with the gemeinden name and/or a statement of soil, such as Kalkstein (limestone), Blauen Schiefer (blue slate), or Buntsandstein (red sandstone).
What is the “premier cru” category within the VDP framework?
Erste Lage||-wines are single-vineyard selections, and producers are strictly limited in their choice of varieties
What is the “grand cru” category within the VDP framework?
Grosse Lage||-wines are single-vineyard selections, and producers are strictly limited in their choice of varieties
VDP producers may only use the various Prädikat tiers for what style of wine?
sweet wines||-Therefore, Spätlese trocken, Auslese trocken, and the like no longer appear on dry wine labels of VDP producers. Absent the mention of a Prädikat, the term trocken continues to signify dry wines at the Erste Lage level or below. For the Grosse Lage category, however, it is replaced by the grander term Grosses Gewächs
For VDP producers, absent the mention of a Prädikat, what term continues to signify dry wines at the Erste Lage level or below?
trocken||-For the Grosse Lage category, however, it is replaced by the grander term Grosses Gewächs, or “Great Growth.”
For the Grosse Lage category, what term is used to signify dry wines?
Grosses Gewächs|-“Great Growth”|-A Grosses Gewächs wine is therefore a dry wine from a Grosse Lage vineyard, harvested at a minimum level of ripeness equivalent to Spätlese, identified by the appearance of the trademarked acronym “GG” on the label.
A Grosses Gewächs wine is a dry wine from a Grosse Lage vineyard, harvested at a minimum level of ripeness equivalent to what Prädikat level?
Spätlese
What does the term Grosses Gewächs mean?
A dry wine from a Grosse Lage vineyard, harvested at a minimum level of ripeness equivalent to Spätlese, identified by the appearance of the trademarked acronym “GG” on the label.
What does the trademarked acronym “GG” on a German wine label mean?
Grosses Gewächs||-A dry wine from a Grosse Lage vineyard, harvested at a minimum level of ripeness equivalent to Spätlese.
When can Grosses Gewächs white wines be released?
May not be released until September 1 of the year after harvest. ||-For red wines, the category requires an additional year of aging and at least 12 months in wood.
Is chapitalization legal for Qualitätswein?
Yes, but not for Prädikatswein||-Chaptalization was banned for Qualitätswein mit Prädikat, but the law continued to permit its use in the broader category of Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiet
What is the maximum yield for the Gutswein VDP category?
75 hl/ha
What is the maximum yield for the Ortswein VDP category?
75 hl/ha
What is the maximum yield for the Erste Lage VDP category?
60 hl/ha
What is the maximum yield for the Grosse Lage VDP category?
50 hl/ha
If a grape is listed on the label in Germany how much of that wine must be made with the stated grape?
85%||-The country adheres to the EU minimum of 85% for varietal labeling
Riesling is the most planted variety in how many of Germany’s 13 Anbaugebiete?
7||-and the country maintains nearly half of the world’s 50,000 hectares of the vine.
What is a Stück?
The traditional cask of the Rheingau, holding 1200 liters.||-Halbstück is 600L|-Doppelstück is 2,400L
What is a Halbstück?
A traditional 600L cask.
What is a Doppelstück?
A traditional 2,400L cask.
In Germany, is malolactic fermentation something that happens frequently?
No |-Malolactic fermentation is usually stopped, by naturally low pH or by design, although some producers resort to the process in spectacularly acidic, lean years.
How many liters does a Stück hold?
1200 Liters
Madeleine Royale and Riesling were crossed to make which grape?
Müller-Thurgau
Silvaner is a cross of what two grapes?
Traminer and Österreichisch-Weiss||-Austrian in origin and first arrived in Franken, its natural home in Germany
Who founded Germany’s first winery focusing only on sparkling wines?
Volker Raumland||-The leader of this movement from Rheinhessen
True of false, Kabinett wines may not be chaptalized in Germany?
TRUE
Which German Anbaugebiet is located closest to the Czech border?
Sachsen
True or false, VDP producers never chaptalize their wines?
FALSE
In which month does the German Riesling harvest typically begin?
September
What does a goldkapsule typically indicate?
A reserve wine of heightened sweetness.
What river passes through Franken?
Main River
The red Trollinger grape is the most planted variety in which Anbaugebiet?
Württemberg
Vineyards planted on the north shores of Lake Constance are included in which Anbaugebiet?
Baden
Between 2010 and 2013, what was the vintage where botrytis was most widespread in Germany?
2010
What does TDN stand for in reference to the Riesling grape?
Trimethyl Dihydronapthalene||-the chemical compound responsible for the petrol notes of Riesling
Message in a Bottle refers to a group of producers in which Anbaugebiet?
Rheinhessen
The Gutedel grape is widely planted in which winegrowing district
Markgräferland, Baden
Sandstone, limestone, and Keuper soils characterize the three Bereiche of which Anbaugebiet?
Franken|*|Soil type consisting of marl and limestone common in Alsace, dating to the Upper Triassic period.||-Keuper is a stratigraphic name for the Upper Triassic period and can mean marl (varicoloured, saliferous grey, or gypsiferous grey) or limestone (ammonoid).
Which chemical compound is responsible for the “petrol” notes of Riesling?
Trimethyl Dihydronapthalene|-TDN
The Sonnenuhr vineyard is located in which gemeinden?
Wehlen
The Goldtröpfchen vineyard is located in which gemeinden?
Piesport
The Würzgarten vineyard is located in which gemeinden?
Ürzig
The Apotheke vineyard is located in which gemeinden?
Trittenheim
The Kastanienbusch vineyard is located in which Anbaugebiet?
Pfalz
The Berg Schlossberg vineyard is located in which Anbaugebiet?
Rheingau
The Rothenberg vineyard is located in which Anbaugebiet?
Rheinhessen
The Hermannshöhle vineyard is located in which Anbaugebiet?
Nahe
What is the highest Prädikat a Mosel Riesling harvested at 120° Öchsle could achieve?
Beerenauslese
In the Rheingau, a famous grape breeding institute is located in which village?
Geisenheim||-home to Germany’s top enological school and grape-breeding institute, sits at the river’s edge, downslope and just west of Johannisberg.
When did Sachsen (Saxony) and Saale-Unstrut become official German Anbaugebiet?
Located in former East Germany, and were added when the country was reunified in 1990
Vineyards along the Neckar River are located in which Anbaugebiet?
Württemberg
Which river runs through Württemberg?
Neckar River
What are the six bereiche of the Mosel?
Bernkastel|Burg Cochem|Saar|Ruwertal|Obermosel|Moseltor
What is Trester?
Grape pomace|-equivalent to french marc or italian grappa
In which city is one most likely to encounter a mug of Schillerwein?
Heilbronn
What is weissherbst and where is it made?
Pinot Noir Rose, Baden region of Germany
What is Schillerwein?
Rosé made by cofermenting red and white grapes, common in Württemberg.
What is Muschelkalk?
Shell based limestone found in Franken and the Pfalz
A VDP Riesling labeled with the name of the variety and the word “Muschelkalk” on the front label most likely represents which category of wine?
Ortswein||-Ortswein is the product of multiple vineyards in a single village and is typically labeled with the village name and/or a statement of soil, such as Kalkstein (limestone), Blauen Schiefer (blue slate), or Buntsandstein (red sandstone).
What is Baden’s most celebrated zone for Spätburgunder?
Kaiserstuhl|-warmest winegrowing district in all of Germany
What is the warmest winegrowing district in all of Germany?
Kaiserstuhl|-Baden’s most celebrated zone for Spätburgunder
Which Anbaugebiete has the most hectares of Spätburgunder planted?
Baden
The Taunus Mountains are a defining geographical feature in which Anbaugebiet?
Rheingau
What is the mountain range just north of Rheingau?
Taunus
Which villages are the northernmost and southernmost outposts of Rheinhessen?
N- Mainz|S- Worms
Where is Goldriesling a local specialty?
Sachsen|-(aromatic crossing developed in Alsace)
What is the correct parentage for Dornfelder?
Helfensteiner X Heroldrebe
Where are vines traditionally trained in the single-post system?
Mosel||-Mosel growers traditionally employed their own system of vine training, the single-post system, to improve workers’ ability to traverse the dangerous hillsides.
What is the minimum actual alcohol content required for German Spätlese?
7%||-same for Kabinett and Auslese
Which anbaugebeit is known for broad range of red varietals seldom found elsewhere in Germany such as Trollinger, Lemberger, and Schwarzriesling?
Wurttemberg
Which gemeinden is known as the “red wine village” in Rheinhessen?
Ingelheim
What is the largest wine district (bereich) in Germany?
Sudliche Weinstrasse, Pflaz
Which anbaugebeit is Germany’s largest red wine region with 9,000 ha of red varietals (3,000 of which are Dornfelder)?
Pflaz
Which anbaugebeit is nestled between the Main and Neckar Rivers?
Hessische Bergstrasse
Which anbaugebeit has the sunniest and warmest climate of Germany? (1700 hours sunlight and average 52 degrees)
Baden
What is the easternmost German vineyard?
Koniglicher Weinberg, lies in a suburb of Dresden, in Sachsen region.
What is the third most planted red grape in Germany?
Portugieser
Where does Germany rank worldwide for plantings of Pinot Noir?
3rd|-after France, then USA
What is Gewurtztraminer called in Germany and where is it typically grown?
Roter Traminer|-Grown in Sachsen as regional specialty.
Which lake separates Germany and Switzerland?
Lake Constance
The traditional term for geschützte Ursprungsbezeichnung in Germany is what?
Landwein
The city of Stuttgart is located in which anbaugebeit?
Württemberg
The city of Mainz is located in which anbaugebeit?
Rheinhessen
The city of Koblenz is located in which anbaugebeit?
Mittelrhein
The city of Dresden is located in which anbaugebeit?
Sachsen
As the Vosges Mountains cross into Pfalz from Alsace, what is the name change?
Haardt Hills
Schwarzriesling is most planted in which anbaugebeit?
Württemberg|-aka Pinot Meunier
Mullerrebe is a synonym for what other grape varietal?
Schwarzriesling (Pinot Meunier)
Rivaner is a synonym for what grape varietal?
Muller Thurgau
Which is the largest family owned estate in Germany?
Burklin-Wolf|-located in Pfalz
Who are the 3 “Bs” of Pfalz?
Bassermann-Jordan|von Buhl|Burklin Wolf
Pfalz is the natural continuation of what other wine region?
Alsace|-which borders to the south
Prior to 1992, what was the Pfalz called?
Rheinpfalz
What are the main grapes in Saale-Unstrut?
Weissburgunder|Muller Thurgau
How does Saale-Unstrut get its name?
It is a the confluence of Saale and Unstrut Rivers
What is Germany’s northernmost winegrowing region?
Saale-Unstrut||-Ahr is most northern in world for red wine production
What is the northernmost red winegrowing region the world?
Ahr
What are the two most important grapes of Wurttemberg?
Swarzriesling|Lemberger
Sachsen is on what river?
Elbe River
The Elbe River runs through which anbaugebeit?
Sachsen
What is the German name for Lake Constance?
Bodensee
What is the only anbaugebeit in Germany to have no VDP Grosse Lage sites?
Hesissche-Bergstrasse
Wines of Franken are bottled in what special bottle?
bocksbeutal
Why is Silvaner the thriving grape of Franken and not Riesling?
Riesling does not consistently ripen.
Which mountain range shelters the Ahr anbaugebeit?
Eifel||-The whole region is a canyon, protected from wind and rain amidst the low Eifel Mountains. In this rain shadow, sunlight hours are correspondingly higher, and the region experiences fewer bouts of botrytis than the Mosel.
What is the Ahr’s dominant grape?
Spatburgunder
What is the largest bereich in the Mosel?
Bernkastel
Emrich Schonleber, Schlossgut Diel, and Schafer-Frohlich make wine in which anbaugebeit?
Nahe
Who owns the monopole Oberhauser Brucke?
Donnhoff
What is the singular Bereiche of Nahe?
Nahetal
What is one of Germany’s most expensive and elusive wines made by Keller?
G-Max
Which anbaugebeit has more of Silvaner plantings than any other region in the world?
Rheinhessen
Other than riesling, what other wine is considered a regional specialty in Rheinhessen?
Silvaner
What was the most expensive wine on the Titanic?
Niersteiner Pettenthal Riesling|- more expensive than 1st growth Bordeaux
What makes viticulture especially difficult in Rheinhessen?
Lack of trees and water sources. It is a vast open windy land that doesn’t have bodies of water to help ripen grapes. In response, many high yielding dependable crossings were embraced.
Which anbaugebeit has more land under vine than any other?
Rheinhessen
Which anbaugebeit is to the south of Rheinhessen?
Pfalz
Which anbaugebeite is to the west of Rheinhessen?
Nahe
What are the 3 bereiche of Rheinhessen?
Bingen|Wonnegau|Nierstein
What is a Bereich?
A district of villages & vineyards within an anbaugebeit
Which Rheingau estate was the founding member of VDP?
Schloss Schonborn
Which estate is presumed to be the oldest Riesling estate in the world?
Schloss Johannisberg|-Rheingau
Which anbaugebeit has a higher proportion of Riesling at 80% than any other anbaugebeit?
Rheingau
What is the Gemeinde?
commune or village||-The Anbaugebiete has within it something similar to a district (known as a Bereich). Within the Bereich is a commune or village (Gemeinde).
What are the important soil characteristics of the Rheingau?
Slate, quartzite, and sandstone, with layers of loess and clay on the lower slopes and stonier, more eroded soils on the upper slopes, with a higher proportion of slate.
What is the only Bereiche in the Rheingau?
Johannisberg||-named for the small village at the heart of the central Rheingau|-Despite what could have been a sensible division into two or three Bereiche, the 1971 wine law identifies only one
When did Schloss Johannisberg announce the first planned Spätlese harvest of botrytis-affected fruit?
1775||-Kloster Eberbach began marking high-quality wines as Cabinet in 1712
Which two producers in the Rheingau were among the first producers in Germany to introduce glass bottles in the early 1700s?
Schloss Schönborn|Schloss Johannisberg
Peter Jakob Kühn, Josef Leitz, Eva Fricke, Georg Breuer, and Künstler are all producers located in which anbaugebeit?
Rheingau||-all newcomers or names unknown in the mid-20th century
What are arguably the five most important “newcomer” producers in the Rheingau?
Peter Jakob Kühn|Josef Leitz|Eva Fricke|Georg Breuer|Künstler
What percentage of Rheingau Riesling has nine grams per liter or less of residual sugar?
80%
Where is the Charta Association located?
Rheingau|-A turn toward dry Riesling in the Rheingau, which would replace off-dry wines as the primary product of the region by the end of the 20th century, began with the founding of the Charta Association in 1984.|-Charta Riesling became a brand for its members. Wines in the dry style carried the association’s logo
Which producer in the Rheingau led the charge for the Charta Association in the 80’s?
Georg Breuer estate|-Bernhard Breuer of Rüdesheim’s Georg Breuer estate
In 1999, “Erstes Gewächs” got formal approval for use on the labels of dry wines from specific sites in what anbaugebeit?
Rheingau||-applies to dry Riesling and Spätburgunder bottlings from selected Rheingau vineyards
When did the “Erstes Gewächs” term get formal approval for use on the labels of dry wines from specific sites in the Rheingau?
1999||-applies to dry Riesling and Spätburgunder bottlings from selected Rheingau vineyards
In 1999, “Erstes Gewächs” got formal approval for use on the labels of dry wines from specific sites in the Rheingau for which two grapes?
Riesling|Spätburgunder||-The vineyard classification, based on an 1867 Rheingau map, represented the first site-based quality hierarchy accepted into law in the wake of the 1971 legislation.
What are the two monopoles in the Rheingau that are of ecclesiastical origin?
-Schloss Johannisberg|*planted to Riesling since 1720||-Hattenheimer Steinberg| of Kloster Eberbach|enclosed by a wall in 1760
Which producer is the owner of the Hattenheimer Pfaffenberg monopole in the Rheingau?
Schloss Schönborn|-since the 1600s
Kiedricher Gräfenberg is a well known vineyard in which anbaugebeit?
Rheingau|-exemplified by Robert Weil
What is the trio of great vineyards made by Weingut Georg Breuer in the village of Rüdesheim in the Rheingau?
Berg Rottland|Berg Roseneck|Berg Schlossberg
Which gemeinden in the Rheingau is most well known for the red wines produced from Spätburgunder?
Assmannshausen||-At the small outpost for Spätburgunder at Assmannshausen, there is one great site, Höllenberg. August Kesseler is the preeminent producer.
Assmannshausen in the Rheingau is famous for what style of wine?
Spätburgunder||-At the small outpost for Spätburgunder at Assmannshausen, there is one great site, Höllenberg. August Kesseler is the preeminent producer.
Traditionally, Riesling from the Rheingau was bottled in what color glass?
Brown
Traditionally, Riesling from the Mosel was bottled in what color glass?
Green
The earliest evidence of winegrowing in Germany is in which region?
Mosel||-Imported by the Romans, who founded the city of Trier in 16 BCE as a provincial capital
When did the Mosel begin a tradition of producing lightly sweet, low-alcohol Riesling wines?
19th century||-Before the advent of sterile filtration, this could only be accomplished with a heavy dose of sulfur, and with it, the Mosel style of Kabinett Riesling was born, offering a clear alternative to the heavier dry styles of the Rheingau and elsewhere.
What is the longest tributary of the Rhine River?
Mosel river|-545 kilometers
Of the six Bereiche in the Mosel, which three lie on the Mosel river itself?
-Bernkastel (the Middle Mosel)|-Burg Cochem (the Lower Mosel)|-Obermosel (the Upper Mosel)
Which two Bereiche of the Mosel mark the vineyards of its two main tributaries?
Ruwertal|Saar
Which Mosel bereiche is the largest?
Bernkastel|-holds two-thirds of the Mosel’s vineyard area|-its wine-producing villages are responsible for a significant share of the Mosel’s historical fame and current reputation.
Which Bereiche of the Mosel is referred to as the Middle Mosel?
Bernkastel
Which Bereiche of the Mosel is referred to as the Lower Mosel?
Burg Cochem
Which Bereiche of the Mosel is referred to as the Upper Mosel?
Obermosel
Which Mosel bereiche is the smallest and covers a scant handful of vines in the Saarland, near Obermosel?
Moseltor
The Bernkastel Bereich is named for which township?
Bernkastel-Kues|-its wine-producing villages are responsible for a significant share of the Mosel’s historical fame and current reputation.
Cold air drafts blow into the Mosel from which two mountain ranges?
Hunsrück|Eifel
Which two mountain ranges surround the Mosel river?
Hunsrück|Eifel
What is the key advantage the Devonian slate that is found in the Mosel?
Helps to defuse nighttime lows and limit diurnal variation by releasing heat stored throughout the day into the canopy.||-prevent erosion of the soil beneath
When was the Devonian Period?
410-360 million years ago||-geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, 419.2 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, 358.9 Mya.
Between the dark blue and red variations of Devonian slate which type provides more benefits?
The effects are intensified with dark-colored slate||-the more common variation
Does the soil in the Mosel provide good drainage during wet years?
The broken, weathered soil affords excellent drainage.||-rainfall varies from 26.5 to 35.5 inches, and it is evenly distributed throughout the year. Without such dry, well-drained, heat-retaining soils, ripening would be delayed.
What are the 10 famous wine villages of the Middle Mosel (Bernkastel)?
Leiwen|Trittenheim|Piesport|Brauneberg|Bernkastel-Kues|Graach|Wehlen|Zeltingen|Ürzig|Erden
Leiwen, Trittenheim, Piesport, Brauneberg, Bernkastel-Kues, Graach, Wehlen, Zeltingen, Ürzig, and Erden are the 10 famous villages of which Bereiche?
Bereiche Bernkastel|-the Middle Mosel
Who are some of the benchmark producers from the Mosel?
Joh. Jos. Prüm|Reinhold Haart|Reichsgraf von Kesselstatt|Dr. Loosen
Reinhold Haart and Reichsgraf von Kesselstatt are two benchmark producers from which area?
NAME?
Who are some of the upstart producers with more recent reputations that are revitalizing the Mosel’s image?
Ansgar Clüsserath|Daniel Vollenweider|Clemens-Busch
The Bereiche Burg Cochem is also known by what other name?
Terrassenmosel||-still hides some old, narrow hillside terraces, originally built by Romans and painstakingly maintained through the centuries
Winningen is a key winegrowing village in which Mosel Bereiche?
Burg Cochem||-home to star producer Heymann-Löwenstein and the premier vineyard site Uhlen.
What is the most famous winegrowing village in Bereiche Burg Cochem?
Winningen||-home to star producer Heymann-Löwenstein and the premier vineyard site Uhlen.
Heymann-Löwenstein is a famous producer located where?
Winningen|-Burg Cochem
Who is the most well known producer in Burg Cochem village of Winningen?
Heymann-Löwenstein||-The outspoken intellectual also has a theory as to the Middle Mosel’s superiority over his more remote stretch of river: “The smart kids from Winningen went to the city (Koblenz). We were left with the stupid kids that made bad wine.”
What is the premier vineyard site in the Winningen village of Bereiche Burg Cochem?
Uhlen||-Reinhard Heymann-Löwenstein has applied for Germany’s first three single-vineyard PDOs, for three separate parcels within Uhlen: Blaufüsser Lay, Roth Lay, and Laubach.
What are the names of the three parcels within the Uhlen vineyard that Reinhard Heymann-Löwenstein has applied for Germany’s first three single-vineyard PDOs?
Blaufüsser Lay|Roth Lay|Laubach
In which Mosel Bereiche is there calcareous soil instead of Devonian slate?
Obermosel|-the Upper Mosel|-This sector of the Mosel sits, with Chablis and Champagne, within the Paris Basin|-Riesling takes a backseat in Obermosel to Elbling
Riesling takes a backseat in Obermosel to which grape?
Elbling||-an ancient white grape variety that produces simple, fruity whites and refreshing sparkling wines.|-This sector of the Mosel sits, with Chablis and Champagne, within the Paris Basin, atop a calcareous soil makeup that replaces the Devonian slate
What are the two most famous producers in the Ruwertal?
von Schubert|Karthäuserhof||*both with ecclesiastical origin
The Benedictine St. Maximin monastery based its winemaking operations in what part of the Mosel?
Ruwertal|-at (Maximin) Grünhaus, as early as the 900s. The estate, still in operation and now owned by the von Schubert family.
Which Mosel producer currently occupies the space where the Benedictine St. Maximin monastery based its winemaking operations?
von Schubert||-an Ortsteil and one of the Ruwer’s best wine producers
Which Mosel producer currently occupies the space where the domaine of Carthusian monks based its winemaking operations?
Karthäuserhof|-in Eitelsbach
What is likely the most famous site in the Mosel—or in all of Germany?
Scharzhofberg ||-in Wiltingen|-Egon Müller is its most lauded producer.
In what part of the Mosel is the Scharzhofberg vineyard located?
Saar||-in Wiltingen|-Egon Müller is its most lauded producer.
Who is the most lauded producer of the Scharzhofberg vineyard in Saar?
Egon Müller
How do the climates of the Saar and Ruwertal compare to that of the Middle Mosel (Bereiche Bernkastel)?
Both the Saar and Ruwertal are cooler climates||-Achieving ripeness can be a challenge in cool vintages and the wines—again, mostly Riesling—are often even more austere and acid-driven than those from the Middle Mosel.
Egon Müller is most famous for making wine from which vineyard?
Scharzhofberg|-likely the most famous site in the Mosel—or in all of Germany
Which Bereiche of the Mosel has limestone rather than slate soils?
Moseltor|-There are only three winegrowing villages and a handful of vineyards.
Moseltor is known for what type of soil?
limestone|-rather than slate soils
What is Germany’s biggest winegrowing anbaugebiet?
Rheinhessen||-spans a large area south of the Rheingau and north of the Pfalz, with the Nahe on its western border and Hessische-Bergstrasse a few kilometers to the east
Which river creates the eastern boundary of the Rheinhessen?
Rhine River |-a natural border with the Rheingau|-the river’s influence is not markedly felt
Why is it difficult to generalize about the style of wine made in the Rheinhessen?
Because it is such a large area, there is a great diversity of mesoclimates and soils, and no single climatic feature—a river’s moderating influence, or the aspect of a slope—can adequately explain prevailing conditions throughout the entire Anbaugebiet. As such, there is a diversity of grape varieties and no single Rheinhessen style.
Which Anbaugebiet is known as the land of Liebfraumilch?
Rheinhessen||-a region committed to quantity over quality wine.
What is the one area historically associated with quality winegrowing in the Rheinhessen?
Roter Hang|-a “red hill” of clay and weathered red sandstone (Rotliegendes) on the left bank of the Rhine between the villages of Nierstein and Nackenheim.
What is Roter Hang?
Roter Hang refers to the red sandstone slopes of the premier region of the Rheinhessen.||-Protected from the frost and winds that sweep through much of the Rheinhessen and home to the famed vineyards Pettenthal and Rothenberg, the Roter Hang is a slim, east-facing slope reaching 70 to 80% grade, but it is hardly representative of the entire Anbaugebiet.
What are the two famed vineyards that are located in the Roter Hang area of the Rheinhessen?
Pettenthal|Rothenberg|-Protected from the frost and winds that sweep through much of the Rheinhessen
Roter Hang lies within a larger span of eastern exposures in the Rheinhessen called what?
Rheinterrasse|-extends south of Nierstein through the village of Oppenheim
Nierstein, Bingen, and Wonnegau are the three Bereiche of which Anbaugebiet?
Rheinhessen
Keller, Kühling-Gillot, Wagner-Stempel, Wittman, and Gunderloch are leading producers of which Anbaugebiet?
Rheinhessen
What are some of the leading producers of the Rheinhessen?
Keller|Kühling-Gillot|Wagner-Stempel|Wittman|Gunderloch
Liebfraumilch originated as a specialty of which village?
Worms||-became a sugary, bastardized product that debased Germany’s reputation as a wine producer
Which two producers in the Rheinhessen have led the charge for the resurgence in quality wine of the region?
Klaus-Peter Keller |Philipp Wittmann||-whose estates share access to several vineyards in the southern Wonnegau Bereich
Which Bereich in the Rheinhessen has been revitalized recently by Keller and Wittmann?
Wonnegau Bereich||-Their best vineyards, including several Grosse Lage sites, appear as gently undulating fields rather than dramatic slopes. (In the village of Westhofen they have neighboring parcels in Kirchspiel, Morstein, and Brunnenhäuschen; in Flörsheim-Dalsheim, Keller also maintains plots in Bürgel and Hubacker.)
What types of soil are associated with the Wonnegau Bereich in the southern Rheinhessen?
limestone and loess soils||-Grosse Lage sites appear as gently undulating fields rather than dramatic slopes
Which producer sources the most expensive dry Riesling produced in Germany?
Keller|-“G-Max,” from an undisclosed parcel in the Rheinhessen region
Which region held onto Müller-Thurgau as its chief variety longer than any other major Anbaugebiet?
Rheinhessen||-now only accounts for 16% of the total vineyard
Which Anbaugebiet holds Germany’s second-largest cache of vineyards?
Pfalz|-nearly one-quarter of Germany’s 102,000 hectares of vines|-commands the world’s largest acreage of Riesling
Which Anbaugebiet commands the world’s largest acreage of Riesling?
Pfalz|-more Riesling in the Pfalz than in Alsace, or in the whole country of Austria, or Australia, or the United States
How does the climate and style of Pfalz riesling differ with that of the Mosel or Rheingau?
In comparison to northerly regions like the Mosel, the Pfalz is warm and sunny, with a modern style of Riesling that is resoundingly dry, offering more body, weight, and alcohol than any other classic Riesling region in Germany.
Which Anbaugebiet lies between Rheinhessen and Alsace?
Pfalz
Which Anbaugebiet is associated with the Haardt hills?
Pfalz||-The Pfalz Anbaugebiet is on the western side of the Upper Rhine Plain, with its best vineyard sites creeping up the Haardt hills—a northern, forest-capped extension of the Vosges Mountains.
What are the two Bereiche of Pfalz?
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse|Südliche Weinstrasse||-both of which take their name from the “wine route,” a road opened in 1935 to link the region’s picturesque villages and boost tourism.
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse and Südliche Weinstrasse are the two Bereiche of what region?
Pfalz
What is the character of the soils in Pfalz?
Pfalz soils are extremely varied and complex, with layers of red sandstone, calcium-based limestone, loess, red slate, basalt, igneous granite and alluvial gravel.
Pfalz is associated with which hills that are a continuation of the Vosges Mountains and where the best vineyards lie?
Haardt hills
Kallstadt, Ungestein, Forst, Deidesheim, Ruppertsberg, and Gimmeldingen are famous winegrowing villages in which Anbaugebiet?
Pfalz
Which Anbaugebiet is associated with the Palatinate Forest?
Pfalz
The greatest concentration of Grosse and Erste Lage sites in the Pfalz occupies a small band of slope between which two villages?
Forst |Deidesheim||-Many of the Mittelhaardt’s modern Grosse Lage sites were mapped in the 1828 Bavarian Land Registry and have ecclesiastical origins in the 12th and 13th centuries. As in Burgundy, they are often clustered together
What is the Flurbereinigung campaign?
In the post-war period, the Flurbereinigung campaign geared up to consolidate parcels of land divided by successive generations of inheritance and to physically restructure vineyards. By rearranging steep and otherwise inaccessible vineyards, workers could employ machines and increase production.
Which vineyard is probably the finest, warmest, and most uniform site in Pfalz?
Forster Kirchenstück||-Shared by eight owners, enclosed by a small sandstone wall, and planted entirely to Riesling
What are some of the best vineyards in the Pfalz?
Königsbacher Idig|Gimmeldinger Mandelgarten|Kallstadter Saumagen|Forster Kirchenstück
Königsbacher Idig, Gimmeldinger Mandelgarten, Kallstadter Saumagen, and Forster Kirchenstück are some of the best vineyards in which Anbaugebiet?
Pfalz||-Mittelhaardt-based producers have long been regarded as standard-bearers for quality in the region. The “three Bs”—Reichsrat von Buhl, Bürklin-Wolf, and Bassermann-Jordan
Which Bereiche has historically been the most important sector of the Pfalz?
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse has historically been the most important sector of which Anbaugebiet?
Pfalz||-Mittelhaardt-based producers have long been regarded as standard-bearers for quality in the region. The “three Bs”—Reichsrat von Buhl, Bürklin-Wolf, and Bassermann-Jordan
The “three Bs”—Reichsrat von Buhl, Bürklin-Wolf, and Bassermann-Jordan of the Pfalz can only be compared side by side with wine from which vineyard?
Kirchenstück
Which producer in the Pfalz has single-handedly manufactured the reputation of Saumagen?
Koehler-Ruprecht
Koehler-Ruprecht is known for creating the reputations of which vineyard in the Pfalz?
Saumagen
Which producer in the Pfalz is considered a modern superstar and has been criticized for adding new barriques and tonneaux to a Riesling cellar?
von Winning
Which Bereiche in the Pfalz was until recently considered to be in decline?
Südliche Weinstrasse||-The warm, sunny southern sector of the Pfalz was a cheap source of bulk wines prior to the passage of the 1971 wine law, and much of its output wound up in Mosel négociant blends.
Which Bereiche in the Pfalz has provided some of Germany’s best examples of Weissburgunder and Spätburgunder?
Südliche Weinstrasse||-appearing in vineyards like Siebeldinger im Sonnenschein and Schweiger Kammerberg
What is the general difference between the exposures of the two Bereiche of the Pfalz?
In the Südliche Weinstrasse, exposures are more varied, and the best vineyards are frequently steeper than those of the Mittelhaardt. Here, the winegrowing villages are tucked into the hills, rather than aligned neatly along their flank.
In 2005, growers in the Pfalz introduced what new category modeled off the Austrian DAC example?
DC Pfalz|-However, it appears short-lived and forgotten, with no major producers adopting the designation.
The Main River is the most important river for which Anbaugebiet?
Franken|-a small Rhine tributary, some 130 kilometers east of the Rheingau
Mainviereck, Maindreieck, and Steigerwald are the three Bereiche of which Anbaugebiet?
Franken
What are the three Bereiche of Franken?
Mainviereck|Maindreieck|Steigerwald
Which Anbaugebiet in Germany does Müller-Thurgau, at 28% of the vineyard, maintain a commanding lead as the most planted variety?
Franken
What is the most planted grape in Franken?
Müller-Thurgau|-28% of the vineyard
The Bocksbeutel of Franken is allegedly shaped like what two things?
Allegedly shaped like a Roman canteen or, yes, a sheep’s scrotum.
What is the most important grape to most quality-oriented producers of Franken?
Silvaner
Which Bereiche is considered the only natural home for Pinot Noir in Franken?
Mainviereck||-The westernmost reaches of the Anbaugebiet|-Soils here are typically composed of weathered red sandstone, and the climate is gentler than in areas further east.
Who is the top name for Spätburgunder in Franken?
Rudolf Fürst
Rudolf Fürst is a Spätburgunder specialist in which Anbaugebiet?
Franken
What style of wine does Rudolf Fürst specialize in?
Spätburgunder in Franken
Where is the Würzburger Stein vineyard?
Franken||-Würzburg itself has always been the commercial center of the region, and its famous Stein vineyard, even at 85 hectares in size, has captivated wine drinkers for centuries.
Which vineyard in Franken is planted primarily to Riesling and Silvaner and produces some of Franken’s top examples of both grapes with a touch of trademark smokiness?
Würzburger Stein|-but, like other massive grand cru-styled vineyards, its parcels vary dramatically in intrinsic worth|-It also showcases the German willingness to manipulate terrain: the soils here have been replenished and replaced over the course of hundreds of years
Juliusspital and Bürgerspital are both producers in which Anbaugebiet?
Franken|-the two most important landholders of the Stein vineyard|-both charitable hospital (Spital) foundations financed by large winemaking operations
Which Bereich is located on the eastern end of Franken?
Steigerwald|-the highest and coolest district in Franken
Which Bereich is the highest and coolest district in Franken?
Steigerwald
Which village in Franken is where Silvaner first appeared in Germany?
Castell
Which Bereich in Franken is known for having black, gypsum-laced Keuper soils?
Steigerwald|-mitigate low temperatures by warming the vines at night|-so much so that vines can often produce quality wines even on north-facing slopes||*|Soil type consisting of marl and limestone common in Alsace, dating to the Upper Triassic period.||-Keuper is a stratigraphic name for the Upper Triassic period and can mean marl (varicoloured, saliferous grey, or gypsiferous grey) or limestone (ammonoid).
Castell and Iphofen are the two most important villages of which Bereich in Franken?
Steigerwald
What advantage do the Keuper soils of Franken provide?
Mitigate low temperatures by warming the vines at night||-so much so that vines can often produce quality wines even on north-facing slopes|*|Soil type consisting of marl and limestone common in Alsace, dating to the Upper Triassic period.||-Keuper is a stratigraphic name for the Upper Triassic period and can mean marl (varicoloured, saliferous grey, or gypsiferous grey) or limestone (ammonoid).
Which three Anbaugebiete share vineyards in the Taubertal?
Franken, Baden, and Württemberg||-The 1971 wine law divided vineyards in the Taubertal, despite sharing similar climate and soil profiles
Of the three Anbaugebiete that share the Taubertal region, which two have the right to bottle in a Bocksbeutel?
Baden and Franken producers from the region have the right to bottle in a Bocksbeutel; Württemberg producers do not.
What are the two most popular grapes to grow in the Taubertal region which is shared by Franken, Baden, and Württemberg?
Silvaner and Riesling are popular varieties, produced in the image of Franken
Which Anbaugebiete lies west of Rheinhessen and south of the Rheingau?
Nahe||-with the narrow Hünsruck Hochwald highland forest forming its natural western border and separating it from the Mosel Valley
The Hünsruck Hochwald highland forest forms the western border of which Anbaugebiete?
Nahe||-separating it from the Mosel Valley
Which Anbaugebiete has Germany’s driest winegrowing climate?
Nahe||-Protected from wind and weather on the north and west by wooded mountains, the region’s climate remains mild and dry—average annual rainfall is around 500 millimeters (about 20 inches)
What is the only Bereiche in Nahe?
Nahetal||—but the region consists of at least three distinct, classic subregions renowned for quality Riesling along the Nahe River itself: the Upper, Middle, and Lower Nahe.
Who is considered the preeminent producer of the Upper Nahe?
Emrich-Schönleber||-and in the 21st century, the Shäfer-Fröhlich estate of Bockenau, a village in the Upper Nahe’s hinterlands nearest the Hünsruck hills, rapidly ascended into the ranks of Nahe nobility.
Emrich-Schönleber and Shäfer-Fröhlich are considered two of the best producers of which region?
Upper Nahe
What is the Nahe’s largest town and the commercial center of the region’s wine trade?
Bad Kreuznach
Niederhauser Hermannshöhle, Schlossböckelheimer Kupfergrube, Schlossböckelheimer Felsenberg, Norheimer Dellchen, Traiser Bastei, and Oberhauser Brücke are some of the famous Grosse Lage sites if which Anbaugebiete?
Nahe||-Middle Nahe|-Situated on weathered volcanic soils, slate, limestone, and schist
The Oberhauser Brücke vineyard is a notable monopole of which Nahe producer?
Weingut Dönnhoff
The best vineyards in the Nahe are known for having what types of soil?
weathered volcanic soils|-slate, limestone, and schist
Between the Upper, Middle, and Lower Nahe which has the warmest climate and more climatic similarity to the neighboring Rheinhessen?
Lower Nahe||-the soil composition becomes heavier with clay and loess
Schlossgut Diel is a prominent producer in which region of Germany?
Lower Nahe||-encamped in the town of Burg Layen at a partially ruined castle.
What is Germany’s third-largest Anbaugebiet?
Baden||-lines the eastern half of the Upper Rhine Valley and runs parallel to Alsace and the Pfalz, between the Rhine River and the Black Forest.
