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Tune Ups #1 > Tune Up #1 pt. 1 > Flashcards

Tune Up #1 pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four national languages of Switzerland?

A

French|German|Italian|Romansch||-the 26 nearly autonomous cantons of Switzerland each have their own official language (or languages).

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2
Q

What are the four French-speaking cantons of Switzerland?

A

Valais|Vaud|Geneva|Neuchâtel||-seventeen German-speaking cantons practice viticulture in eastern Switzerland

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3
Q

What is the name of the Italian-speaking canton of Switzerland?

A

Ticino |-in the south borders Italy’s Lombardy region, and focuses almost exclusively on the Merlot grape.

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4
Q

The Italian-speaking canton of Switzerland called Ticino borders which region of Italy?

A

Lombardy

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5
Q

Which canton of Switzerland focuses almost exclusively on the Merlot grape?

A

Ticino

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6
Q

The Italian-speaking canton of Switzerland called Ticino focuses almost exclusively on which grape?

A

Merlot

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7
Q

What is the most cultivated white grape variety in Switzerland?

A

Chasselas||-An unexciting variety elsewhere, Chasselas can produce refined, mineral-driven wines in the moderate climate of Switzerland’s valleys.

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8
Q

What is Sylvaner known as in Switzerland?

A

Johannisberg

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9
Q

Other than Chasselas, what are the 3 most planted white grapes?

A

Müller-Thurgau|Chardonnay|Johannisberg (Sylvaner)

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10
Q

What are the 3 most commonly encountered red grapes of Switzerland?

A

Pinot Noir|Gamay|Merlot

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11
Q

What are two of the most common grapes that are native to Switzerland?

A

Amigne|Petite Arvine - more often encountered in Italy’s Valle d’Aosta|-both white

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12
Q

What percentage of Swiss wine is consumed domestically?

A

90%

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13
Q

What is the most important canton in Switzerland for wine production?

A

Valais||-responsible for a third of the nation’s annual output

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14
Q

What is the Rhône River river’s northernmost appellation?

A

Valais

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15
Q

The Valais’s vineyard area is clustered along the banks of which river?

A

Rhône River||-the Rhône River river’s northernmost appellation

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16
Q

What is the driest winegrowing region in Switzerland?

A

Valais||-Protected by the Alps

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17
Q

What is the Foehn?

A

A warm dry wind responsible for keeping the wine growing environment of Valais hospitable.

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18
Q

What is the name of the warm dry wind responsible for keeping the wine growing environment of Valais hospitable?

A

Foehn

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19
Q

What are the two most widely produced wines of Valais?

A

Fendant (Chasselas)|Dôle (blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay)

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20
Q

What are the blending requirements for the Dôle blends of Valais?

A

Min. 85% combined Pinot Noir and Gamay||-plus Garanoir, Gamaret, Ancellotta, Diolinoir, Carminoir, Merlot, Syrah

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21
Q

What is Dôle?

A

A blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay.||-Min. 85% combined Pinot Noir and Gamay, plus Garanoir, Gamaret, Ancellotta, Diolinoir, Carminoir, Merlot, Syrah

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22
Q

What grape is one of Switzerland’s oldest indigenous grapes that produces the rare Valais specialty Vin des Glacier?

A

Rèze|-a maderized wine stored in high altitude soleras.|-Only a few parcels remain planted today

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23
Q

Rèze, one of Switzerland’s oldest indigenous grapes, produces the rare Valais specialty called what?

A

Vin des Glacier|-a maderized wine stored in high altitude soleras.

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24
Q

What is Vin des Glacier?

A

A maderized wine stored in high altitude soleras made from Rèze, one of Switzerland’s oldest indigenous grapes found in the Valais.

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25
Q

Which Swiss canton is on the north shores of Lake Geneva and borders France’s Jura region?

A

Vaud|-dominated by the cultivation of Chasselas, locally known as Dorin

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26
Q

What is Chasselas called in Valais?

A

Fendant

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27
Q

What is Chasselas called in Vaud?

A

Dorin

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28
Q

Fendant is a synonym of what grape?

A

Chasselas|-Fendant is the name used in Valais

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29
Q

Dorin is a synonym of what grape?

A

Chasselas|-Dorin is the name used in Vaud

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30
Q

The Vaud region is dominated by the cultivation of what grape?

A

Chasselas|-Dorin is the name used in Vaud

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31
Q

When was the Vaud appellation system simplified, bracketing the former 26 village AOCs into six regional AOCs?

A

2010

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32
Q

What are the six regional AOCs of the Vaud region?

A

Chablais|La Côte|Lavaux|Vully|Bonvillars|Côtes de l’Orbe

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33
Q

Chablais, La Côte, Lavaux, Vully, Bonvillars, and Côtes de l’Orbe are the six regional AOCs of which region?

A

Vaud||-Approved villages may be mentioned on the bottle

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34
Q

What are the two Grand Cru AOCs of Vaud and which Regional AOC are they located within?

A

Dézaley AOC|Calamin AOC||-Lavaux AOC

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35
Q

Dézaley AOC and Calamin AOC are the two Grand Crus within which Swiss canton?

A

Vaud||-inside the Lavaux AOC

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36
Q

What is Salvagnin?

A

traditional light red blend of Vaud||-Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min. 50% Gamay, Min. 20% Gamaret and/or Garanoir

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37
Q

What grapes can be included in the Salvagnin blend of Vaud?

A

Pinot Noir|Gamay|Gamaret|Garanoir||-Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min. 50% Gamay, Min. 20% Gamaret and/or Garanoir

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38
Q

When was the Vaud “Premier Grands Cru” category created?

A

2012|-Premier Grand Cru status in Vaud is awarded to individual wines based on Chasselas, Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Merlot.

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39
Q

Premier Grand Cru status in Vaud is awarded to individual wines based on which grapes?

A

Chasselas|Gamay|Pinot Noir|Merlot||-Production and bottling must occur in Vaud.|-Vintage-dating is mandatory.|-Hand-harvesting is required|-Minimum Must Weight:|Chasselas: 75° Öchsle|Gamay: 80° Öchsle|*Pinot Noir, Merlot, Gamaret, Garanoir: 85° Öchsle|-Minimum Vine Age: 7 years

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40
Q

What are the two crossings that may be included in the Salvagnin blend of Vaud?

A

Gamaret|Garanoir

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41
Q

What are the two most important grapes in the Geneva canton?

A

Chasselas|Gamay||-Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are gaining notoriety.

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42
Q

What are the vineyard(s) designated as grand cru in Lavaux AOC?

A

Calamin|Dézaley

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43
Q

What is the easternmost grand cru of Valais?

A

Salquenen

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44
Q

Three Lakes is used as a synonym for which canton?

A

Neuchâtel

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45
Q

What is the westernmost grand cru of Valais?

A

Fully

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46
Q

Swiss wine merchants were allowed to blend imported wine into their own until what year?

A

2006

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47
Q

Heida is a Swiss synonym for which grape used in the Upper Valais?

A

Savagnin

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48
Q

Ermitage is a synonym for what grape in the Valais?

A

Marsanne

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49
Q

What is the synonym for Marsanne in the Valais?

A

Ermitage

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50
Q

Is Salvanin similar in style to Dôle?

A

Yes

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51
Q

Riesling-Sylvaner is a synonym used in Switzerland for what grape?

A

Müller-Thurgau

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52
Q

What is the synonym for Müller-Thurgau that is used in Switzerland?

A

Riesling-Sylvaner

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53
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the Neuchâtel canton?

A

La Béroche|The Coast|Entre-deux-Lacs

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54
Q

La Béroche, The Coast, and Entre-deux-Lacs are the three subdivisions of which Swiss canton?

A

Neuchâtel

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55
Q

What is the only red grape that can be used in the Neuchâtel AOC system?

A

Pinot Noir

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56
Q

What are the 6 white grapes that can be used in the Neuchâtel AOC system?

A

Chasselas|Chardonnay|Pinot Gris|Pinot Blanc|Müller Thurgau|Gewürztraminer

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57
Q

Clevener is a synonym for which grape in Valais?

A

Chasselas

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58
Q

What is the synonym for Chasselas used in the Valais region?

A

Clevener

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59
Q

How is AOC Geneva Grand Cru status awarded?

A

A specific wine approved by a tasting panel.||- Awarded by an officially elected tasting panel, cuvée by cuvée, year by year. Grand Cru is awarded to the individual wines.

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60
Q

The Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel du Valais is a seal of quality for what style of wines?

A

Traditional Dessert

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61
Q

Ticino’s sub-regions of Sopraceneri and Sottoceneri are loosely translated to being “north of” and “south of” what geographic feature?

A

Mt. Ceneri

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62
Q

What are the subregions of AOC Geneva?

A

Mandement|Entre Arve et Rhône|Entre Arve et Lac

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63
Q

How many AOC Premier Cru are in the Geneva canton?

A

21

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64
Q

Explain what the three “Class” categories are for the wine from the Neuchâtel canton.

A

Class I: Corresponds to an appellation of origin. Those with the specific qualities of taste, smell and typicity. Examples include: Oeil-de-Perdrix, Cortaillod, Pinot Noir, La Béroche.||Class II: Corresponds to an appellation of place and production.||Class III: Carries no appellation and is sold as “red” or “white” wine.

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65
Q

What are the three “Neuchâtel Specialties”?

A

-Oeil-de-Perdrix: Rosé of Pinot Noir. (Originated here but the Canton failed to protect the name.)||-Non Filtré: Released on the third Wednesday in January at an official tasting in the city’s town hall. Bottled without filtering the yeast.||-Perdrix Blanc: Still Blanc de Pinot Noir.

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66
Q

What is the “Neuchâtel Label of Quality” and how is it awarded?

A

The “La Gerle” label is accorded after examination and tasting by experts considering multiple criteria for quality wine made with Chasselas.||-“La Gerle” is the name of the hod used to carry the harvest that contains approximately 100L of pressed grapes.

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67
Q

What is “La Gerle”in reference to the wines from Neuchâtel?

A

Neuchâtel Label of Quality|-The “La Gerle” label is accorded after examination and tasting by experts considering multiple criteria for quality wine made with Chasselas.

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68
Q

In which Swiss canton is Monte Ceneri located?

A

Ticino

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69
Q

What are the two subregions of Ticino?

A

Sopraceneri|-North of Monte Ceneri|Sottoceneri|-South of Monte Ceneri

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70
Q

Is the Sopraceneri subregion of Ticino north or south of Monte Ceneri?

A

North of Monte Ceneri

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71
Q

Is the Sottoceneri subregion of Ticino north or south of Monte Ceneri?

A

South of Monte Ceneri

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72
Q

Sopraceneri and Sottoceneri are two subregions of which Swiss canton?

A

Ticino

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73
Q

The VITI Quality Label of the Ticino region can only be awarded to wine made from what grape?

A

Merlot|-Quality label introduced in 1948 and is awarded by a committee of experts after a careful examination of sight, smell, taste and typicity.

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74
Q

Gordola, Bellinzona, Camorino, and Malzaglia are important wine districts of which Ticino subregion?

A

Sopraceneri

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75
Q

Chiasso, Morbio, Inferiore, Castel San Pietro, Coldrerio, Novazzano, and Stabio are important wine districts of which Ticino subregion?

A

Sottoceneri

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76
Q

Which Grand Cru of Valais is most often encountered?

A

Vetroz

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77
Q

How many official Grand Crus exist in Valais?

A

12|-Conthey|-Chamoson|-Fully|-Leytron|-Saillon|-Saint-Léonard|-Salquenen/Salgesch|-Saviése|-Sierre|-Ville de Sion|-Vétroz|-Visperterminen

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78
Q

What is the label seal of quality for traditional sweet wines of Valais called?

A

Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel|-created in 1996

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79
Q

What is Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel?

A

A label seal of quality for traditional sweet wines in the Valais, created in 1996.

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80
Q

What is Pinot Gris known as in the Valais?

A

Malvoisie

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81
Q

What are the three restrictions for wines in Valais that receive the Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel?

A

-Minimum Vine Age: 15 years|-Minimum Must Weight: 130° Oechsle |*(no chaptalization)|-Minimum Aging: 12 months in wood

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82
Q

Which Valais Grand Cru focuses on sweet wines?

A

Vétroz

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83
Q

What are the Amigne de Vétroz Sweetness Indicators?

A

One bee (Sèche/Trocken): 0-8 g/l residual sugar||Two bees (Légèrement Douce/Halb Süss): 9-25 g/l of residual sugar||Three bees (Douce/Süss): 25+ g/l of residual sugar

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84
Q

What is the permitted residual sugar for a Amigne de Vétroz “One bee” wine?

A

0-8 g/l residual sugar

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85
Q

What is the permitted residual sugar for a Amigne de Vétroz “Two bee” wine?

A

9-25 g/l of residual sugar

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86
Q

What is the permitted residual sugar for a Amigne de Vétroz “Three bee” wine?

A

25+ g/l of residual sugar

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87
Q

If a Amigne de Vétroz wine had between 9 and 25 g/l of residual sugar, how many “bee”s would be indicated?

A

Two bee|-(Légèrement Douce/Halb Süss)

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88
Q

If a Amigne de Vétroz wine had between 0 and 8 g/l of residual sugar, how many “bee”s would be indicated?

A

One bee|-(Sèche/Trocken)

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89
Q

If a Amigne de Vétroz wine had more than 25 g/l of residual sugar, how many “bee”s would be indicated?

A

Three bee|-(Douce/Süss)

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90
Q

What is Stagafassli?

A

Valtellina Superiore bottled in Switzerland.

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91
Q

Where in Switzerland is Humagne Rouge grown?

A

Valais

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92
Q

What is the most widely planted red variety in Switzerland?

A

Pinot Noir

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93
Q

Blauburgunder is a synonym for what grape variety in Switzerland?

A

Pinot Noir

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94
Q

Which Swiss AOC abuts up against Lake Neuchatel, on the northern part of the lake?

A

Vully AOC

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95
Q

Vétroz is located along what body of water?

A

Rhône River|-Valais

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96
Q

Bonvillars is located along what body of water?

A

Neuchâtel Lake|-Vaud

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97
Q

What is the varietal used in “La Gerle” Neuchâtel Label of Quality label?

A

Chasselas

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98
Q

What was the first grape to be bottled under Stelvin cap and when did this happen?

A

Chasselas||- first used commercially in 1972 by the Swiss winery Hammel||-trialled in 1970 and 1971|-Chasselas was particularly affected by cork taint

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99
Q

What was the first winery to use the Stelvin cap commercially, and when did this happen?

A

First used commercially in 1972 by the Swiss winery Hammel.||-Chasselas|-was particularly affected by cork taint

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100
Q

What is the label term if a wine made in Valtellina is bottled in Switzerland?

A

Stagafassli||-it may also be aged in the towns of Brusio and Poschiavo, Switzerland. The wine and grapes still come from the Italian Valtellina, though. It can’t be labeled with one of the five subzones, even if the vineyards otherwise qualify, because the bottling is not done in the subzone, nor can it be designated as riserva.

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101
Q

What is the only white grape that is eligible for Premier Grand Cru status in Vaud?

A

Chasselas||*|Gamay|Pinot Noir|Merlot

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102
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Gamay that must be present in a Salvagnin blend from Vaud?

A

Min. 50% Gamay||-Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min. 20% Gamaret and/or Garanoir

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103
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Pinot Noir that must be present in a Salvagnin blend from Vaud?

A

Min. 10% Pinot Noir||-Min. 50% Gamay, Min. 20% Gamaret and/or Garanoir

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104
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Gamaret and/or Garanoir that must be present in a Salvagnin blend from Vaud?

A

20% Gamaret and/or Garanoir||-Min. 10% Pinot Noir, Min. 50% Gamay

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105
Q

What is the name of the cinnamon liqueur with thin gold flakes that was originally from Switzerland?

A

Goldschlager||-when Diageo acquired the brand and moved production to Italy||-Goldschlager translates to “gold beater”, in reference to the profession of gold leaf makers who beat gold into extremely thin sheets

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106
Q

Where was Goldschlager originally from?

A

Switzerland||-when Diageo acquired the brand and moved production to Italy||-Goldschlager translates to “gold beater”, in reference to the profession of gold leaf makers who beat gold into extremely thin sheets

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107
Q

What is Pflumli?

A

Plum brandy from Switzerland||-Traditionally enjoyed as a “Schumli Pflumli”… an Apres Ski drink of the Alps consisting of plum schnapps and coffee topped with cream

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108
Q

What is the name of the plum brandy from Switzerland?

A

Pflumli||-Traditionally enjoyed as a “Schumli Pflumli”… an Apres Ski drink of the Alps consisting of plum schnapps and coffee topped with cream

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109
Q

What region of Switzerland makes Genepi Blanc?

A

Valais

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110
Q

What region contains La Côte AOC?

A

Vaud

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111
Q

What region contains Vully AOC?

A

Vaud

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112
Q

What region contains Chablais AOC?

A

Vaud||Communes: Aigle, Villeneuve, Yvorne, Ollon, Bex

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113
Q

What region contains Côtes de l’Orbe AOC?

A

Vaud

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114
Q

What region contains Bonvillars AOC?

A

Vaud

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115
Q

What region contains Lavaux AOC?

A

Vaud||Grand Crus: Dézaley AOC, Calamin AOC

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116
Q

In Vaud, what percentage of the grapes must originate in the stated AOC?

A

90%||-Regional AOC with added mention of commune: 60% of the grapes must originate in the stated commune.||-Grand Cru AOC: 90% of the grapes must originate in the AOC, and the wine has a minimum must weight five degrees (Öchsle) higher than that required for the surrounding AOC region.

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117
Q

What Must Weight Scale is used in Switzerland?

A

Öchsle

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118
Q

What are the red grapes that are eligible for Premier Grand Cru status in Vaud?

A

Gamay|Pinot Noir|Merlot||*Chasselas is the only white grape

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119
Q

What is the minimum vine age for Vaud Premier Grand Cru wines?

A

7 years

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120
Q

What is Terravin?

A

A quality label for Vaud Chasselas awarded on a yearly basis by a panel of local judges and experts

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121
Q

What is the name of the quality label for Vaud Chasselas awarded on a yearly basis by a panel of local judges and experts?

A

Terravin||-well established Terravin quality label was created in 1963. It was initiated by the Winemakers Federation of canton de Vaud. These winegrowers were visionaries and since several generations have continued to improve this unique concept and it has lasted more than 50 years!

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122
Q

What is the minimum vine age requirement for wines in Valais that receive the Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel?

A

15 years|*|min. Must Weight: 130° Oechsle (no chaptalization)|min. Aging: 12 months in wood

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123
Q

What is the minimum must weight requirement for wines in Valais that receive the Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel?

A

130° Oechsle (no chaptalization)|*|min. vine age 15 years|min. Aging: 12 months in wood

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124
Q

What is the aging requirement for wines in Valais that receive the Charte Grain Noble ConfidenCiel?

A

12 months in wood|*|min. Must Weight: 130° Oechsle (no chaptalization)|min. vine age 15 years

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125
Q

What are the 12 Grands Crus of Valais AOC?

A

Conthey|Chamoson|Fully|Leytron|Saillon|Saint-Léonard|Salquenen/Salgesch|Saviése|Sierre|Ville de Sion|Visperterminen|Vétroz

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126
Q

What are the two Grands Crus of Valais AOC that start with the letter “C”?

A

Conthey|Chamoson||*12 total

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127
Q

What are the three Grands Crus of Valais AOC that start with the letter “V”?

A

Ville de Sion|Visperterminen|Vétroz||*12 total

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128
Q

What are the five Grands Crus of Valais AOC that start with the letter “S”?

A

Saillon|Saint-Léonard|Salquenen/Salgesch|Saviése|Sierre||*12 total

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129
Q

What is the only Grand Cru of Valais AOC that starts with the letter “F”?

A

Fully||*12 total

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130
Q

What is the only Grand Cru of Valais AOC that starts with the letter “L”?

A

Leytron||*12 total

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131
Q

Which Grand Cru of the Valais AOC only permits Savagnin (Heida)?

A

Visperterminen

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132
Q

Where is the name Heida used as a synonym for the Savagnin grape?

A

Upper Valais

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133
Q

What are the two synonyms used for the Savagnin grape in Switzerland?

A

Heida (Upper Valais)|Païen

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134
Q

The Visperterminen Grand Cru of the Valais AOC is the only Grand Cru to permit which grape?

A

Savagnin||-aka Heida or Païen

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135
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Pinot Noir and Gamay required for Dôle blends in Valais?

A

85%||-plus Garanoir, Gamaret, Ancellotta, Diolinoir, Carminoir, Merlot, Syrah

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136
Q

Other than Pinot Noir and Gamay, what other grapes are permitted to makeup up to 15% of Dôle blends in Valais?

A

Garanoir|Gamaret|Ancellotta|Diolinoir|Carminoir|Merlot|Syrah

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137
Q

What is the name of the Ticino subregion that literally translates to North of Monte Ceneri?

A

Sopraceneri|*|-Sottoceneri is South of Monte Ceneri

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138
Q

What is the name of the Ticino subregion that literally translates to South of Monte Ceneri?

A

Sottoceneri|*|Sopraceneri is North of Monte Ceneri

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139
Q

What is the name of the quality label introduced in 1948 and is awarded by a committee of experts to Merlot from the Ticino canton of Switzerland?

A

VITI Quality Label||-awarded by a committee of experts after a careful examination of sight, smell, taste and typicity

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140
Q

Which Swiss Canton awards the VITI Quality Label?

A

Ticino||-awarded by a committee of experts to Merlot from the Ticino canton

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141
Q

What is the name of the rustic local version of ‘house wine’ in the Ticino canton of Switzerland?

A

Nostrano||*not DOC - Quality wines||-or ‘ours’, as opposed to Americano, which may include the hybrids and american vines still representing 7% of total production here||-Nostrano del Ticino is often made with Bondola plus other authorized red grapes from the canton. The “Grotto” wine consumed in the typical Ticino wine pubs.

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142
Q

What grape is often used to make the rustic local version of ‘house wine’ called Nostrano del Ticino?

A

Bondola||*not DOC - Quality wines||-or ‘ours’, as opposed to Americano, which may include the hybrids and american vines still representing 7% of total production here||-The “Grotto” wine consumed in the typical Ticino wine pubs.

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143
Q

What grapes are permitted for Bianco del Ticino in Switzerland?

A

Chardonnay|Sauvignon Blanc|Pinot Gris|Merlot Blanc

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144
Q

Besides Merlot, what are some of the other grapes authorized for Rosato del Ticino or Rosso del Ticino in Switzerland?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon|Cabernet Franc|Pinot Noir|Carminoir|Gamaret|Garanoir|Diolinoir

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145
Q

La Béroche is a “subdivision” of which Swiss canton?

A

Neuchâtel||-The Coast and Entre-deux-Lacs are the other two.

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146
Q

The Coast is a “subdivision” of which Swiss canton?

A

Neuchâtel||-La Béroche and Entre-deux-Lacs are the other two.

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147
Q

Entre-deux-Lacs is a “subdivision” of which Swiss canton?

A

Neuchâtel||-La Béroche and The Coast are the other two.

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148
Q

Which “subdivision” of Neuchâtel is on Lake Bienne?

A

Entre-deux-Lacs

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149
Q

Which two “subdivisions” of Neuchâtel are on Lake Neuchâtel?

A

The Coast|La Béroche||*Entre-deux-Lacs is on Lake Bienne

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150
Q

Perdrix Blanc, a still Blanc de Pinot Noir, is a specialty of which Swiss canton?

A

Neuchâtel

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151
Q

Non Filtré is a specialty wine of which Swiss canton that is released on the third Wednesday in January at an official tasting and bottled without filtering the yeast?

A

Neuchâtel

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152
Q

Oeil-de-Perdrix, a rosé of Pinot Noir, is a specialty of which Swiss canton?

A

Neuchâtel||-Originated here but the Canton failed to protect the name

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153
Q

Mandement is a subregion of which Swiss canton?

A

Geneva||White: Chasselas, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Müller-Thurgau||Red: Pinot Noir, Gamay, Gamaret, Garanoir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc

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154
Q

Entre Arve et Rhône is a subregion of which Swiss canton?

A

Geneva||White: Chasselas, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Müller-Thurgau||Red: Pinot Noir, Gamay, Gamaret, Garanoir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc

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155
Q

Entre Arve et Lac is a subregion of which Swiss canton?

A

Geneva||White: Chasselas, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Müller-Thurgau||Red: Pinot Noir, Gamay, Gamaret, Garanoir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc

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156
Q

How is AOC Grand Cru achieved in Geneva?

A

Awarded by an officially elected tasting panel, cuvée by cuvée, year by year. ||-Grand Cru is awarded to the individual wines.

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157
Q

How many AOC Premier Cru are in Geneva?

A

21||-La Feuillee, Château de Collex, Coteau de Bossy, Coteau de Bourdigny, Rougemont, Coteau de Choully, Coteau de Dardagny, Coteau de Genthod, Coteau de Lully, Coteau de Piessy, Coteau de Peney, Coteau des Baillets, Cotes de Landecy, Côtes du Russin, Domaine de l’Abbaye, Mandement de Jussy, Coteau de Chevrens, Château du Crest, Coteau de Choulex, Coteau de la Vigne Blanche, Grand Carraz.

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158
Q

What are the white AOC grape varieties permitted in Geneva?

A

Chasselas|Chardonnay|Pinot Gris|Pinot Blanc|Müller-Thurgau||Red: Pinot Noir, Gamay, Gamaret, Garanoir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc

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159
Q

What are the red AOC grape varieties permitted in Geneva?

A

Pinot Noir|Gamay|Gamaret|Garanoir|Merlot|Cabernet Sauvignon|Cabernet Franc||White: Chasselas, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Müller-Thurgau

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160
Q

In Greece what term may also be used to indicate “Grand Réserve”?

A

Specially Selected

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161
Q

In Greece what term may also be used to indicate “Specially Selected”?

A

Grand Réserve

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162
Q

PGI District Retsina:

A

Attiki (Attica)|Evia|Viotia

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163
Q

What are the most important PGI Districts of Greece?

A

Attiki|Viotia|Evia|Fthiotida||-the four eastern districts

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164
Q

What separates the Corinthian Gulf from the Saronic Gulf?

A

Isthmus of Corinth||-narrow land bridge which connects the Peloponnese peninsula with the rest of the mainland of Greece,

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165
Q

What is the Isthmus of Corinth?

A

Isthmus that separates mainland Greece from Peloponnese||-narrow land bridge

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166
Q

What are the 7 Gulfs that surround Peloponnese?

A

Gulf of Patras|Gulf of Kyparissia|Argolic Gulf|Saronic Gulf|Corinthian Gulf|Messenian Gulf|Laconian Gulf

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167
Q

Where is the Saronic Gulf?

A

Peloponnese

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168
Q

Where is the Messenian Gulf?

A

Peloponnese

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169
Q

Where is the Laconian Gulf?

A

Peloponnese

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170
Q

Where is the Gulf of Kyparissia?

A

Peloponnese

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171
Q

Where is the Argolic Gulf?

A

Peloponnese

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172
Q

Which regions of Greece do not have any PDOs?

A

Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)|Thrace

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173
Q

Which Greek PDO has the highest elevation?

A

Amynteo PDO||-520 and 720 meters (1,705 - 2,630 feet) in elevation

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174
Q

Which PDO of Macedonia is permitted to produce Sparkling Rosé, Rosé, and Dry Red?

A

Amynteo PDO|-100% Xinomavro

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175
Q

What are the styles of wine permitted in the Amynteo PDO?

A

Sparkling Rosé (Dry and Semi-Sweet)|Rosé|Dry Red||-highest elevation in Greece|-100% Xinomavro

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176
Q

Which Greek PDO is permitted to make a Sparkling Rosé of 100% Xinomavro?

A

Amynteo PDO||-Sparkling wine may be produced in the Traditional Method or in Tank.|-highest elevation in Greece

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177
Q

Which Greek PDO is permitted to make a Rosé of 100% Xinomavro?

A

Amynteo PDO||-highest elevation in Greece|-Producer: Kir-Yianni

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178
Q

What is the only PDO in Macedonia that may produce a sparkling wine?

A

Amynteo PDO||-Sparkling Rosé (Dry and Semi-Sweet)|-Producer: Kir-Yianni

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179
Q

Is the Sparkling Rosé of the Amynteo PDO required to be made in the Traditional Method?

A

No||Traditional Method or in Tank|-minimum 3.5 atm of pressure||-Producer: Kir-Yianni

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180
Q

What is the required atm of pressure for sparkling wine made in the Amynteo PDO?

A

minimum 3.5 atm of pressure

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181
Q

What is the only PDO in Greece that is permitted to make Sparkling Rosé?

A

Amynteo PDO

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182
Q

Where is Mount Vermion?

A

Naoussa PDO||*Naoussa’s vineyards form a near-contiguous east-facing band that extends along the slopes of Mount Vermion, a popular winter ski destination. ||-The soils are heavier than in Amynteo, with more clay and less sand, as well as considerable limestone.

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183
Q

Naoussa PDO’s vineyards form a near-contiguous east-facing band that extends along the slopes of which mountain?

A

Mount Vermion||-The soils are heavier than in Amynteo, with more clay and less sand, as well as considerable limestone.

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184
Q

What are the most important differences between the Amynteo PDO and the Naoussa PDO?

A

-Naoussa vineyards sit at lower elevations than in Amynteo||-Naoussa vineyards have a more pronounced slope||-Naoussa soils are heavier than in Amynteo, with more clay and less sand, as well as considerable limestone||-Naoussa is slightly warmer and more humid than in Amynteo

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185
Q

What are the styles of wine permitted in the Naoussa PDO?

A

Dry Red|Semi-Dry Red|Semi-Sweet Red

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186
Q

Which PDO in Macedonia is permitted to produce both Semi-Dry Red and Semi-Sweet Red wines?

A

Naoussa PDO|*|Dry Red: 0 - 4 g/l|Semi-Dry Red: 4.5 - 17.5 g/l|Semi-Sweet Red: 17.5 - 45 g/l

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187
Q

What are the main soil types associated with each of the Xinomavro dominated PDOs of Macedonia?

A

Amynteo PDO - Sand & some limestone & loam||Naoussa PDO - clay & less sand, as well as limestone||Goumenissa PDO - deep clay-loam

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188
Q

Which PDO of Macedonia is known to have the most sand?

A

Amynteo PDO|-some limestone & loam also|*|Naoussa PDO - clay & less sand, as well as limestone|Goumenissa PDO - deep clay-loam

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189
Q

Why are many of Greece’s larger wineries composed of a collection of smaller production facilities? Name 2 examples.

A

Because Greek wine law mandates that a PDO wine needs to be vinified within the geographical limits of the appellation|*|Boutari - has 7 wineries under its umbrella, in Naoussa, Santorini, Crete, Mantinia, Goumenissa, and Attica.||Tsantali - has six wineries in Naoussa, Santorini, Rapsani, Mount Athos, Halkidiki, and Thrace.

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190
Q

Name the 7 regions in which Boutari has a winery.

A

Naoussa|Santorini|Crete|Mantinia|Goumenissa|Attica

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191
Q

Name the 6 regions in which Tsantali has a winery.

A

Naoussa|Santorini|Rapsani|Mount Athos|Halkidiki|Thrace

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192
Q

Alpha Estate is a producer based in which Greek PDO?

A

Amynteo PDO|*|Hedgehog Vineyard|Old Vine Xinomavro

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193
Q

What are the two best wines made by Alpha Estate in the Amynteo PDO?

A

Hedgehog Vineyard|Old Vine Xinomavro

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194
Q

Tsantali produces a red wine from the Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia using which grapes?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon|Liimnio

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195
Q

Who produces “Kormilitsa Gold” and where does the wine come from and what grapes are used?

A

Tsantali|-Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia|-Cabernet Sauvignon & Liimnio||(PGI) Mount Athos||awarded the honorary title of the “Official Wine of Kremlin Moscow”. The title given for the first time ever in a wine fueled the awareness of Greek wines in the developing markets of Russia and China.

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196
Q

Which Tsantali (PGI) Mount Athos wine was awarded the honorary title of the “Official Wine of Kremlin Moscow”?

A

Kormilitsa Gold|-Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia|-Cabernet Sauvignon & Liimnio|-(PGI) Mount Athos

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197
Q

Tsantali’s “Kormilitsa Gold” is released under which appellation?

A

(PGI) Mount Athos||-Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia|-Cabernet Sauvignon & Liimnio

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198
Q

What are the two Tsantali red wines made from the Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia?

A

Metohi Chromitsa red (pronounced Me-toh-hee)|”Kormilitsa Gold”||-both Cabernet Sauvignon & Liimnio|-(PGI) Mount Athos

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199
Q

What is the Tsantali white wine made from the Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia and what grapes are used?

A

Metohi Chromitsa white (pronounced Me-toh-hee)||-Assyrtiko, Athiri, Chardonnay

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200
Q

Which Greek producer makes Metohi Chromitsa red/white, where are the wines from, and what grapes are used in each?

A

Tsantali||-Mount Athos Vineyard in Halkidiki, Macedonia||Metohi Chromitsa white|-Assyrtiko, Athiri, Chardonnay||Metohi Chromitsa red|-Cabernet Sauvignon & Liimnio

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201
Q

What is the name of the Boutari winery based in the Goumenissa PDO that went into operation in 1984 and was the only winery in the area for many years?

A

Domaine Filiria Winery

202
Q

Domaine Filiria is a Boutari winery based in which PDO?

A

Goumenissa

203
Q

Ramnista is made in the Naoussa PDO by which producer?

A

Kir-Yianni||Ramnista refers to an area in the heart of the Naoussa appellation zone||one of the more modern and polished producers. Perhaps it is their influence, but the wines of Ramnista seem fuller in body, with smooth tannins and lifted aromatics.

204
Q

Kir-Yianni is a producer based in which Greek PDO and what is their top wine?

A

Naoussa|-“Ramnista” is there top wine|-18 months in 225 & 500-lt French and American oak||one of the more modern and polished producers. Perhaps it is their influence, but the wines of Ramnista seem fuller in body, with smooth tannins and lifted aromatics.||Ramnista refers to an area in the heart of the Naoussa appellation zone

205
Q

Explain the two different styles that are produced in the Naoussa PDO and name a producer of each style.

A

traditional & modern||Traditional Xinomavro - lighter-bodied, tannic, and rustic (Foundi Estate)||Modern Xinomavro - more fruit, extraction, and a darker hue (Kir-Yianni)

206
Q

Foundi Estate is based in which Greek PDO?

A

Naoussa

207
Q

Who is the god of the grape-harvest, winemaking and wine, of fertility, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre according to ancient Greek religion and myth?

A

Dionysus||Wine, as well as the vines and grapes that produce it, were seen as not only a gift of the god, but a symbolic incarnation of him on earth.||However, rather than being a god of drunkenness, as he was often stereotyped in the post-Classical era, the religion of Dionysus centered on the correct consumption of wine, which could ease suffering and bring joy.

208
Q

When was Greece ruled by the Ottoman Empire and what impact did this rule have on wine culture?

A

From 1453 with the fall of Constantinople until the revolution in 1821 Greece is under the rule of the Ottoman Turks who control the entire middle east, and the Balkans as far as the gates of Vienna||-Caused wine culture to deteriorate

209
Q

Who is credited with the creation of the famous sweet, fortified wine, Mavrodaphne of Patras?

A

Gustav Clauss (1825-1908)||-founder of the Achaia Clauss wine company||-He is considered the “father” of Mavrodaphne, a dark red grape which is indigenous to the Achaia region

210
Q

Which PGI districts of Peloponnese have the highest concentration of vineyards?

A

Achaia|Corinth|Arcadia

211
Q

Who was Gustav Clauss?

A

founder of the Achaia Clauss and is considered the “father” of Mavrodaphne|*|German merchant who was posted by his employer, Fels & Co, in the City of Patra, as Head of Exports in 1852. Clauss fell in love with Greece, married a Greek woman and decided to live there forever. He would very often visit the countryside around Patra, until he bought land, transformed it into a vineyard and built his first winery in 1861.

212
Q

Achaia is a PGI district of which Greek region?

A

Peloponnese

213
Q

Corinth is a PGI district of which Greek region?

A

Peloponnese

214
Q

Arcadia is a PGI district of which Greek region?

A

Peloponnese

215
Q

When was Cephalonia under British rule?

A

1809-1864||-Venice - conquered by France in 1797 and Cephalonia, along with the other Ionian Islands, became part of France.||-In 1809 Great Britain mounted a blockade on the Ionian Islands as part of the war against Napoleon||-years later resistance groups started to form. Although their energy in the early years was directed to supporting the Greeks in the revolution against the Turks, it soon started to turn towards the British. ||-Cephalonia, along with the other islands, were transferred to Greece in 1864 as a gesture of goodwill when the British-backed Prince William of Denmark became King George the First of the Hellenes.

216
Q

What were the 3 Greek wines that were the most exported after WWII?

A

Retsina|Samos|Mavrodaphne of Patras

217
Q

How do the climatic conditions of Peloponnese change laterally?

A

cooler temperatures and higher rainfall in the west and more arid conditions in the east||-same in Peloponnese!

218
Q

Where is Corfu?

A

most northerly Ionian island ||-far better known as a vacation destination than a center of wine production. It is mostly flat with one major peak, Pandokratoras. ||-Red varieties, though not produced under the PGI Corfu, tend to be planted in the more steeply sloped northern terrain, while white grapes like the green-hued Kakotrigis and Petrokoritho are generally planted in the rocky, lower elevation sites in the south.

219
Q

What are the two most famous white grapes planted on the Ionian island of Corfu and where on the island are these grapes normally planted?

A

Kakotrigis|Petrokoritho||-Red varieties, though not produced under the PGI Corfu, tend to be planted in the more steeply sloped northern terrain, while white grapes like the green-hued Kakotrigis and Petrokoritho are generally planted in the rocky, lower elevation sites in the south.

220
Q

The PDOs of Patras, Mavrodaphne of Patras, Muscat of Patras, and Muscat of Rio Patras are located within which region of Peloponnese?

A

Achaia||*Peloponnese has been divided into 7 major regions: Achaea (north), Corinthia (northeast), Argolis (east), Arcadia (center), Laconia (southeast), Messenia (southwest), and Elis (west). ||-Each of these regions is headed by a city. The largest city is Patras

221
Q

The Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO is located within which region of Peloponnese?

A

Lakonia||*Peloponnese has been divided into 7 major regions: Achaea (north), Corinthia (northeast), Argolis (east), Arcadia (center), Laconia (southeast), Messenia (southwest), and Elis (west). ||-Each of these regions is headed by a city. The largest city is Patras

222
Q

The Mantinia PDO is located within which region of Peloponnese?

A

Arcadia||*Peloponnese has been divided into 7 major regions: Achaea (north), Corinthia (northeast), Argolis (east), Arcadia (center), Laconia (southeast), Messenia (southwest), and Elis (west). ||-Each of these regions is headed by a city. The largest city is Patras

223
Q

What is the largest city in Peloponnese?

A

Patras

224
Q

The Nemea PDO is located within which two regions of Peloponnese?

A

Korinthia|Argolida

225
Q

The Island of Lemnos has historically been linked to the cultivation of which grape?

A

Moschato Alexandrias|-Muscat of Alexandria

226
Q

The Agiorgitiko grape is most often compared to which other more famous grape?

A

Sangiovese|-Agiorgitiko has more purple hues

227
Q

What is the largest red wine appellation in Greece?

A

Nemea PDO|-Agiorgitiko

228
Q

What is the generic term for unknown white grapes used in Greece?

A

Asproudi (plural: Asproudes)||-aspro means “white”

229
Q

What are some of the key characteristics of the Kotsifali grape?

A

light color|high abv.|low tannin|low acidity||-typically blended with Mandilaria|-best examples come from Archanes PDO & Daphnes PDO in Iraklion

230
Q

Where so the best examples of Kotsifali come from?

A

Archanes PDO|Candia PDO||-in Iraklion

231
Q

What grapes are sometimes blended with Xinomavro in the Rapsani PDO?

A

Krassato|Stavroto

232
Q

In which PDO are the grapes Krassato and Stavroto blended with Xinomavro?

A

Rapsani PDO

233
Q

What is the required maceration time for the grapes used to produce Rapsani PDO?

A

12-15 days||Harvesting is done with food grade plastic boxes capable of holding no more than 20kg of grapes.||Malolactic fermentation is to be done in oak barrels.|*|Co-fermentation, and an encepagement of 1/3 of each grape was once mandated, but no longer is.

234
Q

What are the 3 key vinification requirements of the Rapsani PDO?

A

-Maceration time: 12 - 15 days||-Harvesting is done with boxes capable of holding no more than 20kg of grapes.||-Malolactic fermentation is done in oak barrels.

235
Q

Where in Greece is the Krassato grape sometimes used?

A

Rapsani PDO|-sometimes blended with Xinomavro & Stavroto

236
Q

Where in Greece is the Stavroto grape sometimes used?

A

Rapsani PDO|-sometimes blended with Xinomavro & Krassato

237
Q

Kotsifali and Mandilaria are the only grapes permitted for which PDO of Crete?

A

Archanes PDO||*those grapes are permitted in Candia PDO and Peza PDo, but they also make white wine

238
Q

Liatiko is famously used to make red wine in 2 PDOs of Crete, in which one is it blended and in which one does it have to be a monovarietal wine?

A

Sitia: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria|Daphnes: 100% Liatiko

239
Q

What are some of the key characteristics of the Liatiko grape?

A

Full body|low|color|high alcohol|soft tannin

240
Q

Where does the Limnio grape get its name?

A

from the island of Limnos|-where it likely finds its origin|-much more important in northern Greece||*light-to-medium colored wines that can be austere, with higher tannin and alcohol, moderate acid, and an herbal nose

241
Q

What grape must account for 70% of the blend in the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

Limnio||-remainder composed of Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

242
Q

The Limnio grape must account for 70% of the blend in red wine from which Greek PDO?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO||-remainder composed of Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

243
Q

The Limnio grape must account for what percentage of the blend in red wine from the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

70%||-remainder composed of Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc

244
Q

Who is Evangelos Gerovassiliou?

A

Winemaker who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim under the guidance of Émile Peynaud and is credited with saving the Malagousia grape from extinction.

245
Q

Who who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim under the guidance of Émile Peynaud and is credited with saving the Malagousia grape from extinction?

A

Evangelos Gerovassiliou||-When he started his own brand in Epanomi (a northern coastal town near Thessaloniki), he took some Malagousia with him, and it is now one of his most famous wines.

246
Q

What does the Greek word “Ktima” mean?

A

Estate

247
Q

What are some of the key characteristics of the Malagousia grape?

A

medium-to-elevated acid |high alcohol|creamy texture||-spicy, floral nose reminiscent of Muscat

248
Q

Who first vinified the Mavrodaphne grape?

A

Gustav Clauss (1825-1908)

249
Q

Gustav Clauss was the first person to make wine from which grape?

A

Mavrodaphne

250
Q

Mavrodaphne of Patras and Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia are most comparable to which style of wine?

A

Tawny Port||-though some winemakers are producing it in a more robust, Ruby Port-like style

251
Q

Where is the Mavrotragano grape found and what role has it traditionally played?

A

Santorini|-blended with sweet wines of the island.

252
Q

What grape is indigenous variety but also a generic term for unknown red grapes?

A

Mavroudi

253
Q

What does the Greek term “mavro” mean?

A

Black|*|Xinomavro|Mavroudi|Mavrotragano|Moschomavro|Mavro Messenikol|Mavrodaphne of Patras|Aidani Mavro|Mavrothiriko

254
Q

What is the Greek work for “Black”?

A

mavro|*|Xinomavro|Mavroudi|Mavrotragano|Moschomavro|Mavro Messenikol|Mavrodaphne of Patras|Aidani Mavro|Mavrothiriko

255
Q

Which grape is widely planted in Macedonia, but it is not considered high in quality and is not included in any PDOs

A

Moschomavro

256
Q

Where is the Moschomavro grape widely planted?

A

Macedonia (Greece)||-not considered high in quality and is not included in any PDOs

257
Q

Where is the Mavro Messenikola grape widely planted?

A

Messenikola PDO (Thessalia)||-minimum 70% Mavro Mesenikola|-maximum 30% combined Syrah and Carignan

258
Q

Which Greek PDO allows up to 30% of Syrah and Carignan?

A

Messenikola PDO (Thessalia)||-to be blended with Mavro Mesenikola

259
Q

What grapes are permitted to be blended with Mavro Mesenikola in the Messenikola PDO?

A

up to 30% of Syrah and Carignan

260
Q

Which Greek PDO has helped in bringing about a revival of the historic sweet wine known as “malvasios oenos”?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia

261
Q

The Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO has helped in bringing about a revival of which historic sweet wine?

A

malvasios oenos

262
Q

When was the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO approved?

A

July 2010||-helped in bringing about a revival of the historic sweet wine known as “malvasios oenos”

263
Q

Monemvasia is the most important grape for which two Greek PDO and what color are the wines produced in each PDO?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO (sweet white wine)|Paros PDO (red & white wine)

264
Q

How did the name “Malvasia” become synonymous with sweet wine and what does that have to do with the name “Monemvasia”?

A

The history of Malvasia begins in the port town of Monemvasia, which is also the name for one of Greece’s indigenous white grapes. ||This town gave its name to a dessert wine, which was traded widely starting in the 13th century. ||When the Venetians occupied the Peloponnese, they renamed both the port town and the wine Malvasia, which has nothing to do with the grape by that name. The name Malvasia became so synonymous with dessert wine that Crete (which was also under Venetian rule) began producing its own Malvasia, from its own local grapes.

265
Q

How much Monemvassia is required in the blend for the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Min. 51% Monemvassia|-plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa

266
Q

Which Greek PDO requires 51% Monemvassia?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO|-plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa

267
Q

What other grapes may be blended with Monemvassia in the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Assyrtiko|Asproudes|Kydonitsa

268
Q

Which white grape is famously used in Greek white, red, and sweet wine?

A

Monemvassia||white: Paros PDO|red: Paros PDO|sweet: Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO

269
Q

Moschofilero must account for at least 85% of which PDOs wine?

A

Mantinia PDO|*|Dry White Wines|Sparkling White Wines

270
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in the Mantinia PDO

A

Dry White Wines|Sparkling White Wines||-Moschofilero 85%|-traditional method or charmat method

271
Q

List the Greek PDOs that use each Muscat variety.

A

Muscat of Alexandria: Lemnos, Muscat of Lemnos||Muscat Blanc: Muscat of Cephalonia, Muscat of Patras, Muscat of Rhodes, Muscat of Rio Patras, Samos

272
Q

Does the Muscat of Patras PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat Blanc||-only Lemnos, Muscat of Lemnos use Muscat of Alexandria

273
Q

Does the Muscat of Cephalonia PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat Blanc||-only Lemnos, Muscat of Lemnos use Muscat of Alexandria

274
Q

Does the Muscat of Rhodes PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat Blanc||-only Lemnos, Muscat of Lemnos use Muscat of Alexandria

275
Q

Does the Muscat of Rio Patras PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat Blanc||-only Lemnos, Muscat of Lemnos use Muscat of Alexandria

276
Q

Does the Samos PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat Blanc||-only Lemnos, Muscat of Lemnos use Muscat of Alexandria

277
Q

Does the Lemnos PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat of Alexandria||-All other Greek PDOs use Muscat Blanc

278
Q

Does the Muscat of Lemnos PDO use Muscat of Alexandria or Muscat Blanc?

A

Muscat of Alexandria||-All other Greek PDOs use Muscat Blanc

279
Q

Negoska is only planted on which mountain’s slopes?

A

Mt. Paiko||-Goumenissa PDO

280
Q

Negoska is traditionally a blending partner for which grape in which Greek PDO?

A

Xinomavro|-Goumenissa PDO||-only planted on Mt. Paiko

281
Q

Negoska may be blended with Xinomavro in the Goumenissa PDO up to what percent?

A

20%

282
Q

What role does the Negoska grape play in the blends of the Goumenissa PDO?

A

softens the tannin and acidity of Xinomavro

283
Q

What are some of the key characteristics of the Robola grape?

A

Oxidative|medium body|high acidity

284
Q

The best wine from the island of Cephalonia comes from which grape?

A

Robola|*|Oxidative|medium body|high acidity||-Robola of Cephalonia PDO

285
Q

Which Greek PDOs are famous for using the Roditis grape and which one is the best?

A

Patras PDO (100% Roditis)|Slopes of Meliton PDO|Anchialos PDO (80% Roditis)||*Anchialos PDO is the least relavent

286
Q

What is the only Greek PDO that is required to be 100% Roditis?

A

Patras PDO|*|Dry White Wine|Semi-Dry White Wine|Semi-Sweet White Wine

287
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Patras PDO?

A

Dry White Wine|Semi-Dry White Wine|Semi-Sweet White Wine|*100% Roditis

288
Q

While it is not quantitatively significant, which grape produces what are arguably Crete’s finest white wines?

A

Vidiano

289
Q

Why is the Vidiano grape well suited to Crete?

A

its ability to retain acidity in extreme heat. ||-At its best, the wine is comparable to Marsanne, with a creamy texture (though more vibrant acidity), and a nose of apricots, lime, and flowers.

290
Q

Which white grape of Crete is most comparable to Marsanne?

A

Vidiano||-with a creamy texture (though more vibrant acidity), and a nose of apricots, lime, and flowers.

291
Q

In which Greek PDOs can the Vidiano grape be used?

A

Candia|Malvasia Candia|Malvasia Sitia

292
Q

What is the only Greek PDO that may use Vidiano in a dry wine?

A

Candia

293
Q

What percentage of Vilana is required for each of the PDOs in Crete where it is used?

A

Peza (100%)|Sitia (70%)

294
Q

In which Greek PDOs is the Thrapsathiri grape permitted?

A

Sitia PDO|Malvasia Sitia PDO|Candia PDO|Malvasia Candia PDO

295
Q

Where is Mount Olympus?

A

Thessaly (Thassalia)||-crests the clouds at an elevation of nearly 3,000 meters (9,850 feet), is Greece’s tallest peak and the historic home of its gods.

296
Q

What styles of wine are permitted in the Zitsa PDO?

A

Dry White|Sparkling White Dry / Semi Dry|*|Dry White: max. 4 g/l|Sparkling White Dry: 17 - 32 g/l|Sparkling White Semi Dry: 32 - 50 g/l

297
Q

Zoinos Winery is the most important producer in which Greek PDO?

A

Zitsa PDO

298
Q

Kechris is a top producer of what style of wine?

A

Retsina

299
Q

Ktima Eyoinos is a top producer of what style of wine?

A

Retsina|-Spata PGI

300
Q

Papagiannakos is a top producer of what style of wine?

A

Retsina

301
Q

Which producer makes “Legacy 1879” and where is it from?

A

Boutari|-Naoussa PDO|-Trilofo vineyard|-60% new French oak

302
Q

What is the name of Boutari’s most famous Naoussa PDO wine and what kind of oak treatment does it see?

A

Legacy 1879|-60% new French oak|-Trilofo vineyard

303
Q

Who makes the Hedgehog Vineyard in the Amynteo PDO?

A

Alpha Estate

304
Q

Which producer in the Naoussa PDO is considered a high-end spin off of Boutari and why?

A

Kir-Yianni||-founded by Yiannis Boutaris in 1997

305
Q

Which Naoussa winery was founded by Yiannis Boutaris in 1997?

A

Kir-Yianni||-considered a high-end spin off of Boutari

306
Q

Kir-Yianni was founded in Naoussa by Yiannis Boutaris in what year?

A

1997||-considered a high-end spin off of Boutari

307
Q

Kir-Yianni has vineyards in which two PDOs of Macedonia?

A

Naoussa|Amynteo

308
Q

How did Domaine Porto Carras come to exist?

A

In 1963 a cruise to Mount Athos begins, for the celebration of the 1000 years since the creation of the monastic community of Athos. The shipowner was Giannis Carras.||-winery was built in 1970

309
Q

Where is the Sithonian peninsula and what famous producer is located on the western side of it?

A

The middle peninsula in Halkidiki|-Domaine Porto Carras

310
Q

Domaine Porto Carras is located on the western side of which peninsula in Halkidiki?

A

Sithonian peninsula

311
Q

What are the 3 peninsulas that makeup Halkidiki in Macedonia?

A

Athos|Sithonian |Kassandra

312
Q

Domaine Porto Carras lies on the Sithonian peninsula next to which Gulf?

A

Toroneos Gulf

313
Q

Where is the Toroneos Gulf?

A

Halkidiki|-next to Domaine Porto Carras

314
Q

What grapes are usually blended in the Chateau Porto Carras made by Domaine Carras?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon|Cabernet Franc|Limnio|Merlot|*|-Sandy clay|-French oak barrels for 24 months

315
Q

How many different grapes are planted at Domaine Porto Carras?

A

26

316
Q

What styles of wine are produced in the Nemea PDO?

A

Dry Red Wines|Semisweet Red Wines |Vin Doux (VDL)|Vin Doux Naturel (VDN)|Sweet Dried Grape Wines||100% Agiorgitiko

317
Q

What are the two nicknames for wine from the Nemea PDO?

A

Blood of Hercules|”Blood of the Lion”

318
Q

Which PDO in Peloponnese is known for sometimes producing a Vin Gris style wine, accomplished through skin contact?

A

Mantinia PDO|-Min. 85% Moschofilero, plus Asproudes

319
Q

Is the Sparkling wine of the Mantinia PDO required to be made in the Traditional Method?

A

No||-either the traditional method or by the charmat method|-minimum 3.5 atm of pressure

320
Q

Which PDO is located inside of the Lakonia region of Peloponnese?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO

321
Q

Which PDO is located inside the Korinthia and Argolida regions of Peloponnese?

A

Nemea PDO

322
Q

Which PDOs are located inside of the Achaia region of Peloponnese?

A

Patras PDO|Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO|Muscat of Patras PDO|Muscat of Rio Patras PDO

323
Q

In what kind of environment must wines made in the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO be aged in?

A

oxidative environment |-Min. 2 years|*|Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)|Fortified Sweet White (VDN)

324
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)|Fortified Sweet White (VDN)

325
Q

Is chaptalization or the addition of concentrated grape must allowed in the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

A

No|*|Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)|Fortified Sweet White (VDN)

326
Q

What are the distillation/fortification rules for the Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?

A

-VDN wines must be fortified during fermentation with alcohol from the distillation of dried grapes of a minimum 96% abv. or alcohol from the distillation of wine or dried grapes at between 52% - 86%, or a combination of the two. ||-Fortification must be done by May 31 of the year following the harvest.

327
Q

If a Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO wine is aged for longer than 2 years, it must be aged for how long after that?

A

4 years|-or in multiples of 4 years thereafter

328
Q

Which Greek wine must be aged in multiples of 4 years after the initial minimum aging of 2 years?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO||-Min. 2 years in an oxidative environment (if the wine is aged for a longer period, it may be aged for 4 years, or in multiples of 4 years thereafter)

329
Q

What is the difference between Agioritikos and Agiorgitiko?

A

Agioritikos: Someone or something that originates from Mount Athos (Tsantali brand)||Agiorgitiko: red grape grown in Nemea

330
Q

What is the name of Tsantali’s brand that means someone or something that originates from Mount Athos?

A

Agioritikos|*|white: Assyrtiko, Athiri & Roditis|red: (Abaton)Cabernet Sauvignon (80%) & Limnio (20%

331
Q

Name the District PGIs of the Ionian Islands from north to south.

A

Corfu (Kerkyra)|Lefkada|Zakynthos||-there is no regional Ionian Islands PGI

332
Q

Cephalonia is in between which District PGIs of the Ionian Islands?

A

Lefkada|Zakynthos

333
Q

Name the District PGIs of the Ionian Islands from south to north.

A

Zakynthos|Lefkada|Corfu (Kerkyra)||-there is no regional Ionian Islands PGI

334
Q

Which PDO of Cephalonia can only make fortified sweet red wine?

A

Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO||*Muscat of Cephalonia PDO can be fortified but it does not have to be.

335
Q

Which PDO of Cephalonia can make fortified white wine?

A

Muscat of Cephalonia PDO|-can be fortified but it does not have to be.

336
Q

Which PDO of Cephalonia can make VDL white wine?

A

Muscat of Cephalonia PDO

337
Q

What is the required abv. range for the Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?

A

15% - 22%

338
Q

What is the fortification requirement for the Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Wines must be fortified during fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin (min. 95% abv)||-between 5% - 10% of the volume of the spent mash, or 40% of the total volume of the finished product.

339
Q

What is the fortification requirement for the VDN wines of the Muscat of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Must be fortified during fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin of a minimum 95% alc. per volume||-between 5% - 10% of the volume of the spent mash, or 40% of the total volume of the finished product.

340
Q

What is the fortification requirement for the VDL wines of the Muscat of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Must be fortified prior to fermentation with alcohol of vinous origin of a minimum 95% alc. per volume. ||-A maximum 1% alcohol from fermentation is allowed.

341
Q

What are the vineyard requirements for the Muscat of Cephalonia PDO?

A

-Vineyards must be older than 3 years ||-no irrigation||-no Goblet trellising

342
Q

What is the required abv. range for the Fortified Wine/VDN Grand Cru/VDL wines of the Muscat of Cephalonia PDO?

A

15% - 22%||-Naturally Sweet Wine: 17.6% (9% acquired)|*|Minimum Potential Alcohol at Harvest:|Naturally Sweet Wine: 14.8% (17.6% after sun drying)|Fortified Wine (VDN): 14%|VDN Grand Cru: 14.8%|Fortified Wine (VDL): 13%

343
Q

What is the minimum potential abv and maximum actual abv. for the Robola of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Minimum Potential / Actual Alcohol: 11% - max. 12.5%

344
Q

In what Greek PDOs is the Mavri Korinthiaki grape used?

A

Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia|Mavrodaphne of Patras

345
Q

What grape is allowed to be blended with Mavrodaphne in the Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia and Mavrodaphne of Patras PDOs?

A

Mavri Korinthiaki||*Authorized Varieties: Mavrodaphne and a max. 49% Mavri Korinthiaki

346
Q

Name some examples of Greek PDOs that may use “Grand Cru” on the label.

A

Muscat of Rio Patras PDO|Muscat of Patras PDO|Muscat of Cephalonia PDO|Muscat of Rhodes PDO|Muscat of Lemnos PDO|Samos PDO|Daphnes

347
Q

Which Greek Muscat PDOs use potential abv. requirements instead of must weight requirements?

A

Muscat of Rio Patras PDO|Muscat of Patras PDO||-the island Muscat PDOs use must weight requirements.|*|Minimum Potential Alcohol at Harvest:|Naturally Sweet Wine: 14.8% (17.6% after sun drying)|Fortified Wine (VDN): 14%|VDN Grand Cru: 14.8%|Fortified Wine (VDL): 13%|Minimum Potenial / Actual Alcohol:|Naturally Sweet Wine: 17.6% (9% acquired)|Fortified Wine/VDN Grand Cru/VDL: 15% - 22%

348
Q

Which Greek Muscat PDOs use must weight requirements instead of potential abv. requirements?

A

Muscat of Cephalonia PDO|Muscat of Rhodes PDO|Muscat of Lemnos PDO|Samos PDO||-the Peloponnese Muscat PDOs use potential abv. requirements|*|Minimum Must Weight: |Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 300 g/l after drying|Fortified Wines (VDN): 238 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDN Grand Cru): 252 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDL): 221 g/l

349
Q

What is the must weight requirement for the Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried) of the Muscat PDOs in the Aegean and Ionian Islands?

A

Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 300 g/l after drying|*|Fortified Wines (VDN): 238 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDN Grand Cru): 252 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDL): 221 g/l

350
Q

What is the must weight requirement for the Fortified Wines (VDN) of the Muscat PDOs in the Aegean and Ionian Islands?

A

Fortified Wines (VDN): 238 g/l|*|Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 300 g/l after drying|Fortified Wine (VDN Grand Cru): 252 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDL): 221 g/l

351
Q

What is the must weight requirement for the Fortified Wine (VDN Grand Cru) of the Muscat PDOs in the Aegean and Ionian Islands?

A

Fortified Wine (VDN Grand Cru): 252 g/l|*|Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 300 g/l after drying|Fortified Wines (VDN): 238 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDL): 221 g/l

352
Q

What is the must weight requirement for the Fortified Wine (VDL) of the Muscat PDOs in the Aegean and Ionian Islands?

A

Fortified Wine (VDL): 221 g/l|*|Naturally Sweet Wine (Sun Dried): 300 g/l after drying|Fortified Wines (VDN): 238 g/l|Fortified Wine (VDN Grand Cru): 252 g/l

353
Q

How is the Minimum Potential Alcohol of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO change from harvest to after drying?

A

Minimum Potential Alcohol at Harvest: 12.5%|Minimum Potential Alcohol after Drying: 17.5%||-Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO: only produces VDL

354
Q

What is the most important distinction to be made between the styles produced in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO and the Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO: produces VDL AND/OR VDN from dried Grapes or non-dried grapes with additional must||Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO: produces VDN sweet red made in the same way as port.|*must be fortified during fermentation

355
Q

What are the aging designations that are permitted in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO and what do they each mean?

A

Reserve: Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle||”Vieille Reserve”: Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle||”Grand Reserve”: Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle

356
Q

In the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO which age designation requires 3 years of total aging, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle?

A

Reserve|*|”Vieille Reserve”: Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle||”Grand Reserve”: Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle

357
Q

In the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO which age designation requires 5 years of total aging, including 2 years in cask and 2 year in bottle?

A

Vieille Reserve|*|”Reserve”: Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle||”Grand Reserve”: Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle

358
Q

In the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO which age designation requires 7 years of total aging, including 3 years in cask and 3 year in bottle?

A

Grand Reserve|*|”Reserve”: Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle||”Vieille Reserve”: Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle

359
Q

Which Greek Muscat PDOs allow the wines to age in barrel for up to 5 years?

A

Muscat of Patras PDO|Muscat of Rio Patras PDO||*no requirements or restrictions for the other Muscat PDOs

360
Q

Which Greek Mavrodaphne PDO has aging requirements and which one does not?

A

Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO no requirements||Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO has requirements

361
Q

Mavrodaphne is occasionally blended with what grape at Domaine Mercouri to make a dry red wine?

A

Refosco||85% Refosco, 15% Mavrodaphne|12 months in french oak casks (mostly Allier) of 2nd, 3rd and 4th use||-The Mercouri Estate has been operating since the late 1800s and imported the first Refosco vines from Italy’s Friuli region during that time.

362
Q

What is the blend of the estate red wine from Domaine Mercouri?

A

85% Refosco|15% Mavrodaphne||*12 months in french oak casks (mostly Allier) of 2nd, 3rd and 4th use||-The Mercouri Estate has been operating since the late 1800s and imported the first Refosco vines from Italy’s Friuli region during that time.

363
Q

What is the most famous example of Mavrodaphne being used in a dry wine?

A

Domaine Mercouri||85% Refosco|15% Mavrodaphne||12 months in french oak casks (mostly Allier) of 2nd, 3rd and 4th use||-The Mercouri Estate has been operating since the late 1800s and imported the first Refosco vines from Italy’s Friuli region during that time.

364
Q

Is Mavrodaphne of Patras a vintage or non-vintage wine?

A

Can be either.||*Non-Vintage blends require a minimum 3 years of aging after the final blend.

365
Q

How are the “Naturally Sweet” wines of the Greek Muscat PDOs made?

A

The grapes are dried after harvest.||-All other styles produced under the Greek Muscat PDOs are fortified.

366
Q

Tselepos has wineries in which 3 Greek PDOs?

A

Mantinia|Nemea|Santorini

367
Q

What is the name of the sparkling wine made by Tselepos in the Mantinia PDO?

A

Amalia

368
Q

Which Greek producer makes “ZOË” and where does it come from?

A

Domaine Skouras|(PGI) Peloponnese|*|Red:90% Aghiorghitiko, 10% Cabernet Sauvignon|white:70% Roditis, 30% Moscofilero|rosé:70% Aghiorgitiko(Nemea), 30% Moscofilero (Mantineia)

369
Q

What is the grapes are used in the red blend of “ZOË” made by Domaine Skouras?

A

90% Aghiorghitiko|10% Cabernet Sauvignon||*(PGI) Peloponnese

370
Q

What is the grapes are used in the white blend of “ZOË” made by Domaine Skouras?

A

70% Roditis|30% Moscofilero||*(PGI) Peloponnese

371
Q

What is the grapes are used in the rosé blend of “ZOË” made by Domaine Skouras?

A

70% Aghiorgitiko(Nemea)|30% Moscofilero (Mantineia)||*(PGI) Peloponnese

372
Q

Tetramythos is a producer based in which Greek PDO?

A

Patras PDO|-100% Roditis

373
Q

What is the name of the Domaine Skouras Megas Oenos bottling where a sequence of vintages of Megas Oenos mature together in a solera style way?

A

Labyrinth|*(PGI) Peloponnese||-In 2001, this foudre barrique was first filled with the final blend of Megas Oenos 1999. Since then, every year, and after the final blend of the Megas Oenos vintage comes on the market, a specific amount of the wine in the foudre barrique is taken away and the barrique is filled again with this blend of Megas Oenos.

374
Q

How is Megas Oenos, made by Domaine Skouras, different from the “Labyrinth” Megas Oenos?

A

Labyrinth is a special bottling where a sequence of vintages of Megas Oenos mature together in a solera.||-(PGI) Peloponnese

375
Q

Name some of the white wines made by Domaine Skouras.

A

Almyra (Chardonnay)|Dum Vinum Sperum (Chardonnay)||Viognier Cuvée Larsinos|Viognier Eclectique||Salto Moscofilero (Wild Yeast)|Moscofilero

376
Q

Parparoussis is a producer based in which Greek PDO

A

Nemea||-Founded in 1974 by oenologist Athanassios Parparoussis, the winery is located on the Northwest coast of the Peloponnese. Mr. Parparoussis and his two daughters Erifili and Dimitra.

377
Q

What is the blend of “Synoro” made by Domaine Skouras?

A

Cabernet Franc 40%|Merlot 40%|Aghiorghitiko 20%

378
Q

What is the name of the blend made by Domaine Skouras that is 40% Cabernet Franc, 40% Merlot, 20% Aghiorghitiko?

A

Synoro

379
Q

Who founded Domaine Skouras and when?

A

George Skouras|-1986||-In 1980, George went to study Agriculture at the University of Dijon, in Burgundy, France. ||-Upon graduating from Dijon with a degree in oenology, George started went to France, Italy & Greece.||-creation of Domaine Skouras materialized in 1986. Initially, wine-making facility was in Pyrgela, in the outskirts of Argos then the current winery in the Nemea village of Gimno.

380
Q

What was the first vintage of Megas Oenos?

A

1986|-the year George Skouras founded Domaine Skouras||-creation of Domaine Skouras materialized in 1986. Initially, wine-making facility was in Pyrgela, in the outskirts of Argos then the current winery in the Nemea village of Gimno.

381
Q

What is the name of the top Nemea PDO wine made by Domaine Skouras?

A

Grande Cuvée Nemea||-French barriques for 12 months and a further 6 months in bottle

382
Q

Who makes “Grande Cuvée Nemea”?

A

Domaine Skouras||-French barriques for 12 months and a further 6 months in bottle

383
Q

What are the 2 Nemea PDO wines made by Domaine Skouras and which one is heavier?

A

Grande Cuvée Nemea (heavier of the 2)|Saint George Nemea||-French barriques for 12 months and a further 6 months in bottle

384
Q

Who makes “Saint George Nemea”?

A

Domaine Skouras||-French barriques for 12 months and a further 6 months in bottle

385
Q

Gai’a has wineries in which two regions?

A

Santorini|Nemea

386
Q

What is the elevation range in the Nemea PDO?

A

250m - 850m ||-a great variance in the soil and climate characteristics||-Hillsides on calcareous soils and stony soils on foot slopes are considered the best for long-ageing wines.||*Calcareous is an adjective meaning “mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate”, in other words, containing lime or being chalky.

387
Q

What is the largest PDO of Greece?

A

Nemea PDO||-contains the areas of the central valley, Archaies Kleones, Gimnou-Leontiou, Malendreni. Archaia Nemea, Nymenou-Leontiou, Asprokambou-Psariou, Malandreniou, and of course, Koutsiou.

388
Q

Where would one likely find the Tsaoussi grape planted?

A

Cephalonia||-Varietal examples are rare as Tsaoussi is more often blended

389
Q

Other than Robola, what white grape is commonly planted on the island of Cephalonia?

A

Tsaoussi||-Varietal examples are rare as Tsaoussi is more often blended

390
Q

How many PDO appellations exist for Muscat VDN wines?

A

5|*|Samos|Muscat of Rhodes|Muscat of Lemnos|Muscat of Paros|Muscat of Cephalonia

391
Q

What PDO for Muscat was the first to receive protection of origin in 1934?

A

Muscat of Samos

392
Q

What two Greek PDOs utilize the Liatiko grape for red wines?

A

Sitia|Dafnes

393
Q

When did Samos receive its protection of origin?

A

1934

394
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Santorini PDO dry wines?

A

12%

395
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Santorini PDO Νυχτέρι (Nychteri)?

A

13.50%

396
Q

What is the minimum potential alcohol and actual alcohol level for Santorini PDO Vinsanto?

A

potential alcohol: 15% (21% after drying process)|actual alcohol: 9%

397
Q

What is the minimum potential alcohol and actual alcohol level for Santorini PDO Fortified Vinsanto?

A

potential alcohol: 15%|actual alcohol: 15-21%||-This style is not currently produced in Santorini, but is legally allowed.

398
Q

Which PDOs of Crete produce only red wine?

A

Archanes|Dafnes

399
Q

Which PDOs of Crete produce only dry white and dry red wine?

A

Peza|Candia||*Sitia produces both but also VDN, VDL, & Dried grape wine

400
Q

What is the only PDO whose producers all belong to a cooperative?

A

Samos

401
Q

What are the only 2 Greek PDOs that permit and rosé style?

A

Amynteo|Rhodes ||-both still and sparkling for both PDOs

402
Q

Domaine Spiropoulos is a producer based in which region?

A

Mantinia PDO

403
Q

The Greek designation of “Cava” pertains to what?

A

Oak aging|-PGI wines

404
Q

What type of wines are produced in Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO?

A

Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)|Fortified Sweet White (VDN)||-Min. 51% Monemvassia, plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa

405
Q

Both Santorini and Santorini Nychteri must contain what minimum percentage of Assyrtiko?

A

75%

406
Q

Where would you be most likely to encounter Mavrotragano?

A

Santorini

407
Q

What two grapes may be used for the production of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO wines?

A

Mavrodaphne|Korinthiaki

408
Q

Which region of Greece typically gets the most rainfall?

A

Epirus

409
Q

Vidiano, Kotsifali, and Vilana are grape varieties indigenous to what island?

A

Crete

410
Q

Name the two dessert wine PDOs on Crete

A

Malvasia Sitia|Malvasia Candia

411
Q

Greece’s traditional designations OPAP and OPE now fall under which EU wine category?

A

PDO

412
Q

Is Nemea the only PDO appellation for dry red wines on the Peloponnese?

A

Yes

413
Q

What is the only PDO appellation for dry red wines on the Peloponnese?

A

Nemea PDO

414
Q

What is Retsina traditionally flavored with?

A

Aleppo pine resin

415
Q

Evangelos Gerovassiliou is widely credited with revitalizing which nearly extinct grape?

A

Malagouzia

416
Q

Moschato Aspro is a synonym used in Samos for which grape of the Muscat family?

A

Muscat Blanc á Petits Grains

417
Q

What term may be added to a label of Greek PGI Cava, Reserve or Grand Reserve wine to indicate oak aging beyond the required minimums?

A

Palaiomenos se vareli

418
Q

Order Peza, Dafnes, Archanes, and Sitia from west to east.

A

w|Dafnes|Archanes|Peza|Sitia|e

419
Q

Which PDOs lie just north of the Peza, Dafnes, and Archanes PDOs?

A

Candia|Malvasia Candia

420
Q

What Naoussa winery was founded by a member of the Boutaris family to focus on indigenous varieties?

A

Ktima Kir Yianni

421
Q

Where is the Omala Valley?

A

Cephalonia, Greece. ||-It is the center of Robola production.

422
Q

Which valley is the center of Robola production on the island of Cephalonia?

A

Omala Valley

423
Q

What is the name of the semi-aromatic white grape that is found mainly in Achaia, in the northern Pelopennese?

A

Lagorthi||-a dry white wine with great definition, stunning elegance and a crispness that brings to mind north European wines.

424
Q

How is the Lagorthi grape stylistically different from many other famous white grapes of Greece?

A

A grape variety that defies preconceptions about Greek whites. Some Greek white wines are likely to be flat, flabby and lacking in freshness. Lagorthi is leaning close to the other extreme -a dry white wine with great definition, stunning elegance and a crispness that brings to mind north European wines

425
Q

Name two examples of Santorini Assyrtiko produced by Gai’a.

A

Thalassitis|-exclusively from vineyards in Episkopi, Akrotiri and Pyrgos regions. The vines in these regions are almost 80 years old.||Wild Ferment|-exclusively from the vineyard of Pyrgos, justifying its big aromatic character||-The wild yeast strains that prevail are the ones which eventually determine the wine’s character.|In every tank and barrel something different occurs. After the end of the fermentation, they choose only those tanks and barrels which make the best wine.

426
Q

Who produces the Thalassitis Santorini Assyrtiko?

A

Gai’a||-exclusively from vineyards in Episkopi, Akrotiri and Pyrgos regions. The vines in these regions are almost 80 years old.

427
Q

Who produces the Wild Ferment Santorini Assyrtiko?

A

Gai’a||-exclusively from the vineyard of Pyrgos, justifying its big aromatic character||-The wild yeast strains that prevail are the ones which eventually determine the wine’s character.|In every tank and barrel something different occurs. After the end of the fermentation, they choose only those tanks and barrels which make the best wine.

428
Q

Gustav Clauss first vinified Mavrodaphne in what year?

A

1873||-named after his wife Daphne who died young

429
Q

How did Mavrodaphne get its name?

A

Gustav Clauss first vinified Mavrodaphne and named the grape after his wife Daphne who died young.

430
Q

Other than Mavrodaphne, Achaia Clauss is known for popularizing which grape?

A

Demestica||-From 1908 the company specialized in production of the Mavrodaphne and Demestica wines.||-Clauss died shortly after, and the company passed into the hands of a German named Gudert from whom on the outbreak of World War I the Greek government confiscated the winery as an enemy alien asset.

431
Q

Who was responsible for the modernization of the Achaia Clauss winery in 1955?

A

Konstantinos Antonopoulos||-installed new machines in the winery and recruited a team of specialists.

432
Q

Konstantinos Antonopoulos was responsible for the modernization of which winery in 1955?

A

Achaia Clauss ||-installed new machines in the winery and recruited a team of specialists.

433
Q

Which producer in the Achaia region of Peloponnese is responsible for popularizing the Demestica grape?

A

Achaia Clauss

434
Q

What is the name of the Achaia Clauss dry red wine that is made with Mavrodaphne and Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Gustav Clauss

435
Q

The “Gustav Clauss” red wine made by Achaia Clauss is a dry red wine made with which grapes?

A

Mavrodaphne|Cabernet Sauvignon

436
Q

What are the top two wines made by Achaia Clauss and what are their respective current release vintages?

A

Mavrodaphne “601” Grand Reserve (1979)|Mavrodaphne “601” Reserve (1999)

437
Q

What is Europe’s southernmost wine region?

A

Crete

438
Q

How many PDOs are on Crete?

A

7||Sitia PDO|Peza PDO|Daphnes PDO|Archanes PDO|Candia PDO|Malvasia Candia PDO|Malvasia Sitia PDO

439
Q

Of the 7 PDOs of Crete, which ones were approved in 1971 and which were approved in 2012?

A

1971|Sitia PDO|Peza PDO|Daphnes PDO|Archanes PDO||2012|Candia PDO|Malvasia Candia PDO|Malvasia Sitia PDO

440
Q

Which PDOs of Crete were approved in 2012?

A

Candia PDO|Malvasia Candia PDO|Malvasia Sitia PDO

441
Q

Which PDOs of Crete were approved in 1971?

A

Sitia PDO|Peza PDO|Daphnes PDO|Archanes PDO

442
Q

What white grape in Crete is the most planted, and which one is more often thought of as the best white grape?

A

Vilana|Vidiano

443
Q

What is the highest elevation PDO in Greece?

A

Robola of Cephalonia PDO|400 - 850 m|*|Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO 0 - 450 m|Muscat of Cephalonia PDO 0 - 200 m

444
Q

How do the PDOs of Cephalonia differ in terms of elevation ranges?

A

Robola of Cephalonia PDO 400 - 850 m|Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO 0 - 450 m|Muscat of Cephalonia PDO 0 - 200 m

445
Q

Where is Mount Yuhtas?

A

Archanes PDO|-center of the zone 811 m|-Crete

446
Q

What mountain is in the middle of the Archanes PDO?

A

Mount Yuhtas|-811 m

447
Q

How many wineries are in the Archanes PDO?

A

3

448
Q

Which PDO of Iraklion, Crete is the most developed?

A

Peza PDO||White: 100% Vilana|Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria

449
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Sitia PDO and what grapes are used to make them?

A

Dry White Wine|Dry Red Wine|Sweet (VDL, VDN, Sun Dried)|*|White: Min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri||Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria (Mandilari)|Natural Sweet Red Wine: 100% Liatiko

450
Q

Which Greek PDO requires the dry white wines to be 70% Vilana and the dry red wine to be 80% Liatiko?

A

Sitia PDO|*|White: Min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri||Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria (Mandilari)||Natural Sweet Red Wine: 100% Liatiko

451
Q

Which Greek PDO requires the dry white wines to be 100% Vilana and the dry red wine to be Kotsifali and Mandilaria in any proportion?

A

Peza PDO

452
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Peza PDO and what grapes are used to make them?

A

Dry White Wine|Dry Red Wine|*|White: 100% Vilana|Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria

453
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Daphnes PDO and what grapes are used to make them?

A

100% Liatiko|*|Dry Red|VDL|VDN/ VDN - Grand Cru|Sun Dried / Vin Liastos

454
Q

What is Vin Liastos?

A

Straw wines - grapes dried in the sun|-Greece

455
Q

Which Greek PDO requires 100% Liatiko for all of the wines?

A

Daphnes PDO|*|Dry Red|VDL|VDN/ VDN - Grand Cru|Sun Dried / Vin Liastos

456
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Candia PDO and what grapes are used to make them?

A

Dry White|Dry Red|*|White: Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko (vinified white), Athiri, (blended in any percentage), maximum 15% combined: Muscat Spinas and Malvasia di Candia||Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria

457
Q

Which Greek PDO requires the dry white wines to be mostly a blend of Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, and Athiri and the dry red wine to be Kotsifali and Mandilaria in any proportion?

A

Candia PDO|*|White: Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko (vinified white), Athiri, (blended in any percentage), maximum 15% combined: Muscat Spinas and Malvasia di Candia||Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria

458
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Archanes PDO and what grapes are used to make them?

A

Dry Red Wine||-Kotsifali and Mandilaria

459
Q

What role does Mandilaria play in the red blends of Crete?

A

Mandilaria is used to tame the rough and sometimes aggressive character of the Kotsifali grape.

460
Q

What grape is used to tame the rough and sometimes aggressive character of the Kotsifali grape in Crete?

A

Mandilaria|*|Archanes PDO|Candia PDO|Peza PDO

461
Q

Which two Greek PDOs use the Liatiko grape for the red wines, and how are the requirements different?

A

Daphnes PDO (100%)|Sitia PDO (80%)

462
Q

Which 3 Greek PDOs use the Kotsifali and Mandilaria grapes for the red wines, and what styles of wine are made in each PDO?

A

Archanes PDO (Dry Red)|Candia PDO (Dry Red & White)|Peza PDO (Dry Red & White)

463
Q

How are the requirements for white wine in the Sitia, Peza and Candia PDOs different?

A

Candia PDO: Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, Athiri||Peza PDO: 100% Vilana||Sitia PDO: 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri

464
Q

Which 3 Greek PDOs use the Vilana grape for the white wines, and what styles of wine are made in each PDO?

A

Candia PDO: Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Liatiko, Athiri||Peza PDO: 100% Vilana||Sitia PDO: 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri

465
Q

Which two Greek PDOs in Crete do not make white wine, and what styles do they make?

A

Archanes|-Dry Red Wine: Kotsifali and Mandilaria||Daphnes|-Dry Red Wine: 100% Liatiko|-Sweet (VDL, VDN, VDN-Grand Cru, Sun Dried)

466
Q

Do Kotsifali and Mandilaria have to be co-fermented in the PDOs of Crete?

A

Yes

467
Q

What are the fortification requirements for the Malvasia Candia PDO|and the Malvasia Sitia PDO?

A

May be done by either: neutral spirit of vinous origin of 96% alcohol by volume |or |the product of distilled wine or dried grape spirit of between 52% and 86% alcohol by volume or a mixture of the two if products originate from the same varieties as the wine to be fortified. |*|-Fortification must take place by May 31 of the year after the harvest.

468
Q

By what date do the fortified wines of Malvasia Candia PDO|and the Malvasia Sitia PDO need to be fortified?

A

by May 31 of the year after the harvest

469
Q

Name some of the grapes used in the Malvasia Candia|and the Malvasia Sitia PDOs.

A

Assyrtiko|Athiri|Vidiano|Thrapsathiri|Liatiko||-plus a combined max. 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatico and Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains|*|Fortified wine (VDN)|Naturally Sweet Wine

470
Q

Which red grape of Crete produces a very distinctive orange wine?

A

Liatiko

471
Q

Which international variety is commonly blended with Kotsifali in Crete, and what is an example of this blend?

A

Syrah||-Boutari “Skalani” PGI Heraklion

472
Q

Who makes “Skalani” on the island of Crete and what is the blend?

A

Boutari|-Kotsifali & Syrah

473
Q

What is the most famous wine made at the Sclavos Winery in Cephalonia?

A

Vino di Sasso|*|-wine of the stone|-most of Evriviadis Sclavos vineyard is on rocky slopes

474
Q

Which Greek producer makes “Vino di Sasso”?

A

Sclavos

475
Q

What 3 grapes is the Sclavos winery famous for working with?

A

Robola|Vostilidi|Mavrodaphne||*‘Metagitnion” white made by the local Vostilidi

476
Q

Which grape is used in the “Vino di Sasso” made by Sclavos?

A

Robola|-wine of the stone|-most of Evriviadis Sclavos vineyard is on rocky slopes

477
Q

Which grape is used in the “Metagitnion” made by Sclavos?

A

Vostilidi

478
Q

Which producer of Crete makes “Dafnios” and what grape(s) are used and from what region does it come from?

A

Domaine Douloufakis|*|Vidiano (White) - Crete PGI|Liatiko (Red) - Daphnes PDO

479
Q

What is the name of Domaine Douloufakis most famous red and white wine and what grapes are used for each?

A

Dafnios|*|Vidiano (White) - Crete PGI|Liatiko (Red) - Daphnes PDO

480
Q

Who currently runs the Sclavos winery in Cephalonia?

A

Evriviadis Sclavos

481
Q

Which producer on the island of Cephalonia was one of the first Greek producers to convert to biodynamics in the late 80’s?

A

Sclavos||-Evriviadis Sclavos

482
Q

Who currently runs the Domaine Douloufakis in Daphnes?

A

Nikolas Douloufakis||-In 1930, Dimitris Douloufakis became one of the first winemakers in Crete to produce wines professionally in his traditional, old winery

483
Q

Who currently runs the Domaine Economou in Daphnes?

A

Yiannis Economou||-oenology degree from Alba, years of cellar work in Germany and Bordeaux (Chateau Margaux) as well as Piedmont, under the guidance of Nebbiolo maestros such as Ceretto and Scavino, he returned to Crete in 1994.

484
Q

Where is the Ziros plateau and which producer is known more planting vines on it?

A

Sitia, Crete|-Domaine Economou |-Yiannis Economou||*The Domaine’s 16 hectare vineyards are located in the villages Ziros, Katsidoni and Etia at 600-650m altitude in what is otherwise known as the Ziros plateau.

485
Q

What is the typical blend of the red wine made by Domaine Economou in the Sitia PDO?

A

80% Liatiko|20% Mandilaria||*per the requirements of the PDO|Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria (Mandilari)

486
Q

Where is Therasia?

A

Island in the volcanic island group of ||-one of only two inhabited islands of Santorini|-the other is Thera||*Therasia is the second largest island of the group, the largest by far being Thera.

487
Q

What are the two inhabited islands of Santorini where vines are planted?

A

Thera|Therasia||*uninhabited|Nea Kameni|Palea Kameni|Aspronisi

488
Q

What are the 3 uninhabited islands of Santorini?

A

Nea Kameni|Palea Kameni|Aspronisi||*|Thera|Therasia

489
Q

How does the Meltemi wind both negatively and positively impact the wine regions of the Cyclades like Santorini?

A

Negatives|interferes with fruit set in the spring|water stress throughout the year|stalls photosynthesis||Positives|Cools a hot climate|Less disease pressure

490
Q

What natural feature of the Cyclades occasionally stalls photosynthesis?

A

Meltemi wind|-the high winds cause the leaf stomata to close

491
Q

When does the Meltemi wind, that impacts the Cyclades, become particularly strong?

A

late summer||-stalls photosynthesis (the high winds cause the leaf stomata to close)

492
Q

What is the elevation range of the vineyards on Santorini?

A

0 - 300 m

493
Q

Briefly explain how most vines are propagated in Santorini.

A

kataboladi technique||-A cane is taken from an already planted vine and buried next to it, the cane will eventually sprout roots while still receiving nutrients from the mother vine until it has enough of a root system to thrive on its own.

494
Q

What are the 3 most important reasons for training the vines of Santorini in

A

-protect vines from the Meltemi wind ||-protect the grapes from the intense sunshine||-collect the moisture that becomes available as morning dew

495
Q

What is kouloura?

A

The basket or wreath vine training used in Santorini to protect Assyrtiko vines from the fierce Aegean winds and to collect the little moisture that becomes available as morning dew.

496
Q

Where is the Biblia Chora winery based?

A

Macedonia||-In 2018, it was announced that Biblia Chora will establish an estate on Thirassia, which enjoys a similar soil and climatic profile to Santorini proper.

497
Q

Which famous Macedonian producer, will establish an estate on Thirassia?

A

Biblia Chora||-In 2018, it was announced|-has a similar soil and climatic profile to Santorini proper

498
Q

In 2018, it was announced that Biblia Chora, the famous Macedonian producer, will establish an estate on which island?

A

Thirassia||-has a similar soil and climatic profile to Santorini proper

499
Q

What are the two names for the vine training system famously used on the island of Santorini?

A

kouloura|stefani

500
Q

What are the key soil types associated with the island of Santorini?

A

Pumice|Basalt|White volcanic ash (Aspa)|Sand||-Pumice is an excellent soil conditioner, as it is highly porous, giving it excellent water and air holding properties.

Tune Ups #1 (4 decks)

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